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Chapter 9: The Market Revolution, 1800–1840, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Communication

Improvements in transportation lowered costs and linked farmers to markets. 2. Toll roads did little to help the economy. 3. Improved water transportation most ...

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Chapter 9: The Market Revolution, 18001840
I. The Marquis de Lafayette
II. A New Economy
A. Roads and Steamboats
1. Improvements in transportation lowered costs and linked farmers to markets.
2. Toll roads did little to help the economy.
3. Improved water transportation most dramatically increased the speed and
lowered the expense of commerce.
B. The Erie Canal
1. The canal was completed in 1825 and made New York City a major trade port.
2. The state-funded canal typified funding for internal improvements.
C. Railroads and the Telegraph
1. Railroads opened the frontier to settlement and linked markets.
2. The telegraph introduced a communication revolution.
D. The Rise of the West
1. Improvements in transportation and communication made possible the rise of
the West as a powerful, self-conscious region of the new nation.
2. People traveled in groups and cooperated with each other to clear land, build
houses and barns, and establish communities.
3. Squatters set up farms on unoccupied land.
4. Many Americans settled without regard to national boundaries.
a. Florida
E. The Cotton Kingdom
1. The market revolution and westward expansion heightened the nation’s
sectional divisions.
2. The rise of cotton production came with Eli Whitney’s cotton gin.
3. The cotton gin revolutionized American slavery.
F. The Unfree Westward Movement
1. Historians estimate that around 1 million slaves were shifted from the older
slave states to the Deep South between 1800 and 1860.
2. Slave trading became a well-organized business.
a. Slave coffles
3. Cotton became the empire of liberty’s most important export.
III. Market Society
A. Commercial Farmers
1. The Northwest became a region with an integrated economy of commercial
farms and manufacturing cities.
2. Farmers grew crops and raised livestock for sale.
3. The East provided a source of credit and a market.
4. Between 1840 and 1860, America’s output of wheat nearly tripled.
a. Steel plow
b. Reaper
B. The Growth of Cities
1. Cities formed part of the western frontier.
a. Cincinnati
b. Chicago
2. The nature of work shifted from that of the skilled artisan to that of the
factory worker.
C. The Factory System
1. Samuel Slater established America’s first factory in 1790.
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Chapter 9: The Market Revolution, 1800– 1840

I. The Marquis de Lafayette

II. A New Economy A. Roads and Steamboats

  1. Improvements in transportation lowered costs and linked farmers to markets.
  2. Toll roads did little to help the economy.
  3. Improved water transportation most dramatically increased the speed and lowered the expense of commerce. B. The Erie Canal
  4. The canal was completed in 1825 and made New York City a major trade port.
  5. The state-funded canal typified funding for internal improvements. C. Railroads and the Telegraph
  6. Railroads opened the frontier to settlement and linked markets.
  7. The telegraph introduced a communication revolution. D. The Rise of the West
  8. Improvements in transportation and communication made possible the rise of the West as a powerful, self-conscious region of the new nation.
  9. People traveled in groups and cooperated with each other to clear land, build houses and barns, and establish communities.
  10. Squatters set up farms on unoccupied land.
  11. Many Americans settled without regard to national boundaries. a. Florida E. The Cotton Kingdom
  12. The market revolution and westward expansion heightened the nation’s sectional divisions.
  13. The rise of cotton production came with Eli Whitney’s cotton gin.
  14. The cotton gin revolutionized American slavery. F. The Unfree Westward Movement
  15. Historians estimate that around 1 million slaves were shifted from the older slave states to the Deep South between 1800 and 1860.
  16. Slave trading became a well-organized business. a. Slave coffles
  17. Cotton became the empire of liberty’s most important export.

III. Market Society A. Commercial Farmers

  1. The Northwest became a region with an integrated economy of commercial farms and manufacturing cities.
  2. Farmers grew crops and raised livestock for sale.
  3. The East provided a source of credit and a market.
  4. Between 1840 and 1860, America’s output of wheat nearly tripled. a. Steel plow b. Reaper B. The Growth of Cities
  5. Cities formed part of the western frontier. a. Cincinnati b. Chicago
  6. The nature of work shifted from that of the skilled artisan to that of the factory worker. C. The Factory System
  7. Samuel Slater established America’s first factory in 1790.

a. It was based on an outwork system

  1. The first large-scale American factory was constructed in 1814 at Waltham, Massachusetts. a. Lowell
  2. The American System of manufactures relied on the mass production of interchangeable parts that could be rapidly assembled into standardized finished products.
  3. The South lagged in factory production. D. The Industrial Worker
  4. Americans became more aware of clock time.
  5. Working for an hourly or daily wage seemed to violate the independence Americans considered an essential element of freedom. a. New England textile mills relied largely of female and child labor. E. The Growth of Immigration
  6. Economic expansion fueled a demand for labor, which was met, in part, by increased immigration from abroad. a. Ireland and Germany b. Settled in the northern states
  7. Numerous factors inspired this massive flow of population across the Atlantic a. European economic conditions b. Introduction of the ocean-going steamship F. Irish and German Newcomers
  8. American religious and political freedoms also attracted many Europeans fleeing from the failed revolutions of 1848.
  9. The Irish were refugees from disaster, fleeing the Irish potato famine. a. They filled many low-wage unskilled jobs in America.
  10. German immigrants included considerably larger number of skilled craftsmen than the Irish. G. The Rise of Nativism
  11. The influx of Irish elevated the presence of the Catholic Church in America, which many viewed with great suspicion.
  12. Those who feared the impact of immigration on American political and social life were called nativists. They blamed immigrants for: a. Urban crime b. Political corruption c. Alcohol abuses d. Undercutting wages H. The Transformation of Law
  13. The corporate form of business organization became central to the new market economy.
  14. Many Americans distrusted corporate charters as a form of government- granted special privilege.
  15. The Supreme Court ruled on many aspects of corporations and employer/employee rights.

IV. The Free Individual A. The West and Freedom

  1. American freedom had long been linked to the availability of land in the West. a. Manifest Destiny
  2. In national myth and ideology the West would long remain “the last home of the freeborn American.” a. The West was vital for economic independence, the social condition of freedom.

F. The “Liberty of Living”

  1. Wage workers evoked “liberty” when calling for improvements in the workplace.
  2. Some described wage labor as the very essence of slavery. a. Economic security formed an essential part of American freedom.