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Download Term 1: Learning and Conditioning - Definitions and Key Concepts and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
Learning
A relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs
because of experience.
TERM 2
Behaviorism
DEFINITION 2
The school of psychology that accounts for behavior in terms
of observable acts and events, without reference to mental
entities, such as "mind" or "will".
TERM 3
Conditioning
DEFINITION 3
Associations between environmental stimuli and responses.
TERM 4
Extinction
DEFINITION 4
If, after conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly
presented without the unconditioned stimulus, the
conditioned response disappears.
TERM 5
Unconditioned Stimulus
(US)
DEFINITION 5
An event or thing that elicits a response automatically or
reflexively.
Unconditioned Response (UR)
The response that is automatically produced.
TERM 7
Conditioned Stimulus
(CS)
DEFINITION 7
An event or thing that is taught to produce an learned
response.
TERM 8
Conditioned Response (CR)
DEFINITION 8
The learned response.
TERM 9
Classical Conditioning
DEFINITION 9
The procedure by which a neutral stimulus becomes a
becomes a conditioned stimulus.
TERM 10
Spontaneous Recovery
DEFINITION 10
The reappearance of a response after it becomes extinct.
Operant Conditioning
The process by which a response becomes more or less likely
to occue, depending on its consequences.
TERM 17
Reinforcement
DEFINITION 17
Strengthens the response or makes it more likely to recur.
TERM 18
Reinforcers
DEFINITION 18
Rewards.
TERM 19
Punishment
DEFINITION 19
Weakens the response or makes it less likely to occur.
TERM 20
Punishers
DEFINITION 20
Any aversive stimulus or event.
Primary Reinforcers
Reinforcers that satisfy biological needs, like food.
TERM 22
Primary Punishers
DEFINITION 22
Punishers that are inherently punishing, like pain.
TERM 23
Secondary Reinforcers
DEFINITION 23
Reinforcers that are learned, like money.
TERM 24
Secondary Punishers
DEFINITION 24
Punishers that are learned, such as criticism.
TERM 25
Positive Reinforcement
DEFINITION 25
The process in which a pleasant consequence makes a
response more likely.
Intermittent (Partial) Schedule of
Reinforcement
Involves reinforcing only some responses.
TERM 32
Shaping
DEFINITION 32
An operant-conditioning procedure in which successive
approximations of a desired response are reinforced.
TERM 33
Successive Approximations
DEFINITION 33
The responses that you reinforce one the way to the desired
one.
TERM 34
Instinctive Drift
DEFINITION 34
When an animal deverts back to its instictive behavior.
TERM 35
Behavior
Modification
DEFINITION 35
The use of operant and classical conditioning techinques in
real world settings.
Extrinsic Reinforcers
Reinforcers which come from an outside source and are not
inherently related to the activity of being reinforced.
TERM 37
Intrinsic Reinforcers
DEFINITION 37
Reinforcers that are inherently related to the activity being
reinforced.
TERM 38
Latent Learning
DEFINITION 38
Learning that is not immediately expressed in performance.
TERM 39
Social-cognitive Theories
DEFINITION 39
Emphasize that learning is acquired by observing other
people in a social context.
TERM 40
Observational (vicarious) learning
DEFINITION 40
Involves learning by watching a model behaving in certain
ways and experiencing the consequences.
