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Term 1: Learning and Conditioning - Definitions and Key Concepts, Quizzes of Psychology

Definitions and explanations for key terms related to learning and conditioning, including behaviorism, conditioning, extinction, unconditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. It covers various types of conditioning, such as classical and operant, and discusses concepts like stimulus generalization, discrimination, and phobia.

Typology: Quizzes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 11/07/2009

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TERM 1
Learning
DEFINITION 1
A relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs
because of experience.
TERM 2
Behaviorism
DEFINITION 2
The school of psychology that accounts for behavior in terms
of observable acts and events, without reference to mental
entities, such as "mind" or "will".
TERM 3
Conditioning
DEFINITION 3
Associations between environmental stimuli and responses.
TERM 4
Extinction
DEFINITION 4
If, after conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly
presented without the unconditioned stimulus, the
conditioned response disappears.
TERM 5
Unconditioned Stimulus
(US)
DEFINITION 5
An event or thing that elicits a response automatically or
reflexively.
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Learning

A relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs

because of experience.

TERM 2

Behaviorism

DEFINITION 2

The school of psychology that accounts for behavior in terms

of observable acts and events, without reference to mental

entities, such as "mind" or "will".

TERM 3

Conditioning

DEFINITION 3

Associations between environmental stimuli and responses.

TERM 4

Extinction

DEFINITION 4

If, after conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly

presented without the unconditioned stimulus, the

conditioned response disappears.

TERM 5

Unconditioned Stimulus

(US)

DEFINITION 5

An event or thing that elicits a response automatically or

reflexively.

Unconditioned Response (UR)

The response that is automatically produced.

TERM 7

Conditioned Stimulus

(CS)

DEFINITION 7

An event or thing that is taught to produce an learned

response.

TERM 8

Conditioned Response (CR)

DEFINITION 8

The learned response.

TERM 9

Classical Conditioning

DEFINITION 9

The procedure by which a neutral stimulus becomes a

becomes a conditioned stimulus.

TERM 10

Spontaneous Recovery

DEFINITION 10

The reappearance of a response after it becomes extinct.

Operant Conditioning

The process by which a response becomes more or less likely

to occue, depending on its consequences.

TERM 17

Reinforcement

DEFINITION 17

Strengthens the response or makes it more likely to recur.

TERM 18

Reinforcers

DEFINITION 18

Rewards.

TERM 19

Punishment

DEFINITION 19

Weakens the response or makes it less likely to occur.

TERM 20

Punishers

DEFINITION 20

Any aversive stimulus or event.

Primary Reinforcers

Reinforcers that satisfy biological needs, like food.

TERM 22

Primary Punishers

DEFINITION 22

Punishers that are inherently punishing, like pain.

TERM 23

Secondary Reinforcers

DEFINITION 23

Reinforcers that are learned, like money.

TERM 24

Secondary Punishers

DEFINITION 24

Punishers that are learned, such as criticism.

TERM 25

Positive Reinforcement

DEFINITION 25

The process in which a pleasant consequence makes a

response more likely.

Intermittent (Partial) Schedule of

Reinforcement

Involves reinforcing only some responses.

TERM 32

Shaping

DEFINITION 32

An operant-conditioning procedure in which successive

approximations of a desired response are reinforced.

TERM 33

Successive Approximations

DEFINITION 33

The responses that you reinforce one the way to the desired

one.

TERM 34

Instinctive Drift

DEFINITION 34

When an animal deverts back to its instictive behavior.

TERM 35

Behavior

Modification

DEFINITION 35

The use of operant and classical conditioning techinques in

real world settings.

Extrinsic Reinforcers

Reinforcers which come from an outside source and are not

inherently related to the activity of being reinforced.

TERM 37

Intrinsic Reinforcers

DEFINITION 37

Reinforcers that are inherently related to the activity being

reinforced.

TERM 38

Latent Learning

DEFINITION 38

Learning that is not immediately expressed in performance.

TERM 39

Social-cognitive Theories

DEFINITION 39

Emphasize that learning is acquired by observing other

people in a social context.

TERM 40

Observational (vicarious) learning

DEFINITION 40

Involves learning by watching a model behaving in certain

ways and experiencing the consequences.