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Memory
the capacity to retain and retrieve information, and also the
structures that account for this capacity.
TERM 2
Reconstructive Memory
DEFINITION 2
memory that is altered in ways that help us make sense of
the material, based on what we already know or think we
know.
TERM 3
Source Missattribution
DEFINITION 3
Difficulty separating their original experiences from what
they added after the fact.
TERM 4
Flashbulb Memories
DEFINITION 4
The vivid recollections of surprising, shocking, or tragic
events.
TERM 5
Confabulation
DEFINITION 5
Confusing an event that happened to someone else with one
that happened to you, or coming to believe that you
remember something that never really happened.
Explicit Memory
Conscious, intentional recollection of an event or an item of
information.
TERM 7
Recall
DEFINITION 7
The ability to retrieve and reproduce information
encountered earlier.
TERM 8
Recognition
DEFINITION 8
The ability to identify information encountered earlier.
TERM 9
Implicit Memory
DEFINITION 9
Information encountered in the past that affects our
thoughts and actions even though we do not consciously or
intentionally remember.
TERM 10
Priming
DEFINITION 10
Information is presented to people and later they are tested
to see if the information affected their performance on
another type of task.
Cognitive Schemas
Metal networks of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations
concerning particular topics of aspects of the world.
TERM 17
"Three-box Model"
DEFINITION 17
Sensory register retains incoming sensory information for a
second of two, until it is processed further. Then, short-term
memory holds a limited amount of information for a brief
period of time, perhaps up to 30 seconds. Then, long-term
memory accounts for longer storage of information.
TERM 18
Parallel Distributed Processing(PDP) Model
DEFINITION 18
(aka "connectionist model") Represents the contents of
memory as connections among a huge number of interacting
processing units, distributed in a vast network and all
operating in paraller-just like the neurons of the brain.
TERM 19
Sensory Register
DEFINITION 19
The entryway of memory. Retains memory for only a couple
of seconds.
TERM 20
Chunks
DEFINITION 20
Larger units containing small bits of information.
Short-term Memory(STM)
Retains information for up to 30 seconds
TERM 22
Working Memory
DEFINITION 22
The mental processes that control the rehearsal and retrieval
of information from long-term memory and interpret that
information appropriately depending on the task you are
doing.
TERM 23
Declarative Memories
DEFINITION 23
Memories of knowing that something is true; assumed to be
explicit
TERM 24
Long-term Memory
DEFINITION 24
Memory that can last as little as a few days or as long as
decades.
TERM 25
Episodic Memories
DEFINITION 25
Internal representations of personally experiences events
Recency Effect
When shown a list of items, remembering items at the end of
the list.
TERM 32
Effortful Encoding
DEFINITION 32
Selecting and labeling the main points.
TERM 33
Maintenance Rehearsal
DEFINITION 33
The rote repetition of the material.
TERM 34
Elaborative Rehearsal
DEFINITION 34
Associating new items of information with material that has
already been stored or with other new facts.
TERM 35
Shallow Processing
DEFINITION 35
Simply processing information based on physical or sensory
features of a stimulus.
Deep Processing
The processing of meaning.
TERM 37
Mnemonics
DEFINITION 37
formal strategies and tricks for encoding, storing, and
retaining information.
TERM 38
Decay Theory
DEFINITION 38
Memories fade with time if they are not retrieved
occasionally.
TERM 39
Retroactive Interference
DEFINITION 39
When new information interferes with old information.
TERM 40
Proactive Interference
DEFINITION 40
When old information interferes with new information.
Psychogenic Amnesia
Amnesia caused by a need to escape feelings of
embarassment, guilt, shame, disappointment, or emotional
shock.
TERM 47
Traumatic Amnesia
DEFINITION 47
Burying of specific traumatic events for long periods of time,
often for many years.
TERM 48
Repression
DEFINITION 48
The involuntary pushing of threatening or upsetting
information into the unconscious.
TERM 49
Childhood(infantile) Amnesia
DEFINITION 49
Having no autobiographical memories for events that
happened before the third or fourth year of life.
TERM 50
Narrative
DEFINITION 50
A person's "life story" that organizes the events of his or her
life and gives them meaning.
