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appendicular skeleton
includes the bones of the upper and lower extremities and the shoulder and hip girdles TERM 2
pectoral or shoulder girdle
DEFINITION 2 attaches bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton. - consists of scapula and clavicle -clavicle articulates with sternum (sternoclavicular joint) -clavicle articulates with scapula (acromioclavicular joint) -scapula held in place by muscle only -upper limb attached to pectoral girdle at shoulder (glenohumeral joint) TERM 3
clavicle
DEFINITION 3 lies horizontally in the superior and anterior part of thorax superior to the first rib and articulates with the sternum -one of the most frequently broken bones in the body, transmits mechanical force from the upper limb to the trunk. -s shaped bone with two curves, medial curve convex anteriorly/lateral on concave anteriorly - extends from sternum to scapula above 1st rib TERM 4
scapula
DEFINITION 4 articulates with the clavicle and the humerus articulate with other bones anteriorly, but are held in place posteriorly only by complex shoulder and back musculature. subscapular fossa filled with muscle caracoid process for muscle attachment triangular flat bone found in upper back region scapular spine ends as acromion process glenoid cavity forms shoulder joint with head of humerus supraspunois and infraspinous fossa for muscular attachments TERM 5
upper extremity
DEFINITION 5 30 bones humerus within the arm ulna and radius within the forearm carpal bones within the wrist metacarpal bones within the palm phalanges in the fingers joints- shoulder (glenohumeral) elbow, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal
humerus
is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb articulates proximally with the scapula and distally at the elbow with both the radius and ulna TERM 7
humerus- proximal end
DEFINITION 7 part of shoulder joint head and anatomical neck greater and lesser tubercles for muscle attachments intertubercular sulcus or bicipital groove surgical neck is fracture site deltoid tuberosity TERM 8
humerus-distal end
DEFINITION 8 forms elbow joint with ulna and radius capitulum-articulates with head of radius trochlea- articulation with ulna olecranon fossa- posterior depression for olecranon process of ulna medial and lateral epicondyles- attachment of forearm muscles TERM 9
ulna
DEFINITION 9 is located on the medial aspect of the forearm TERM 10
radius
DEFINITION 10 is located on the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the forearm
metacarpals
contained in the palm of each hand 5 total base, shaft, head knuckles (metacarpophalangeal joints) TERM 17
phalanges
DEFINITION 17 14 total each is called phalanx proximal, middle, distal on each finger, except thumb base shaft and head TERM 18
pelvic (hip) girdle
DEFINITION 18 consists of two hipbones (coxal bones) and provides a strong and stable support for the lower extremities, on which the weight of the body is carried -two hipbones united at pubic symphysis articulate posteriorly with sacrum at sacroiliac joints TERM 19
hip bone
DEFINITION 19 each one composed of three separate bones at birth. the ilium pubis and ischium these bones eventually fuse at the acetabulum, which forms the socket for the hip joint. TERM 20
bony pelvis
DEFINITION 20 2 hip bones, sacrum and coccyx
the ilium
the larger of the three components of the hop bone and articulates with the ischium and pubis. bone marrow aspiration or bone marrow biopsy are frequently performed on the iliac crest in adults the ischium is the inferior, posterior portion of the hip bone the pubis is the anterior and inferior part of the hip bone iliac crest and iliac spine for muscle attachment iliac fossa for muscle attachment sacroiliac joint at auricular surface greater sciatic notch for sciatic nerve TERM 22
ischium
DEFINITION 22 ischial spine and tuberosity lesser sciatic notch ramus TERM 23
pubis
DEFINITION 23 body superior and inferior ramus pubic symphysis is pad of fibrocartilage between 2 pubic bones TERM 24
pelvis
DEFINITION 24 sacrum, coccyx and 2 hip bones TERM 25
pelvic brim
DEFINITION 25 sacral promontory to symphasis pubis separates false from true pelvis false pelvis hold only abdominal organs
lower extremity
30 bones femur and patella within the thigh tibia and fibula within the leg tarsal bones in the foot metatarsals within the forefoot phalanges in the toes TERM 32
joints
DEFINITION 32 hip, knee, ankle proximal and distal tibiofibular metatarsaophalangeal TERM 33
femur
DEFINITION 33 or thighbone is the largest heaviest and strongest bone of the body. it articulates with the hip bone and the tibia -head articulates with acetabulum (attached by ligament of head of femur) -medial and lateral condyles articulate with tibia neck is common fracture site greater and lesser trochanters, linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity patellar surface is visible anteriorly between condyles TERM 34
patella
DEFINITION 34 is a sesamoid bone located anterior to the knee joint. functions to increase the laverage of tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, to maintain the position of the tendon when the knee is bent, and to protect the knee joint. triangular sesamoid bone TERM 35
tibia
DEFINITION 35 larger, medial, weight-bearing bone of the leg lateral and medial condyles tibial tuberosity for patellar lig. proximal tibiofibular joint medial malleolus at ankle
fibula
is parallel and lateral to the tibia not part of knee joint muscle attachment only lateral malleolus at ankle TERM 37
tendons
DEFINITION 37 attaches muscle to bone TERM 38
ligaments
DEFINITION 38 attach bone to bone TERM 39
tarsals
DEFINITION 39 constitute the ankle and share the wight associated with walking. (contain 7 bones) proximal region of the foot talus- ankle bone, articulates with tibia and fibula calcaneus- heel bone cuboid- navicular and 3 cuneiforms TERM 40
metatarsals
DEFINITION 40 midregion of the foot (5 metatarsals) 1 is most medial. each with base shaft and head
