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Chapter 6 notes for Orgo 1, Lecture notes of Organic Chemistry

Xavier University of Louisiana (XULA)Organic Chemistry

Prof. Stassi C. Dimaggio

Should help you with drill manual. Read with the textbook

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 02/02/2023

laura-t1f 🇺🇸

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6-1

Energy Diagrams

HO: +

C Br

H H

BrHO

CHO H

δ− δ−

Energy

reaction coordinate: progress of reaction

reactants

products

transition state: highest

energy structure between

reactants and products,

with fleeting existence.

Eact

∆Grxn

Partial preview of the text

Download Chapter 6 notes for Orgo 1 and more Lecture notes Organic Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Energy Diagrams

HO: +

H C Br H H

H H

HO Br

H HO C H H

δ− δ− + Br

Energy

reaction coordinate: progress of reaction

reactants products

transition state: highest energy structure between reactants and products, with fleeting existence. Eact

∆ G (^) rxn

Equilibria & Kinetics

 Equilbrium: How complete?

 Kinetics: How fast?

 governed by ∆ Grxn = -RTlnKeq = ∆ Hrxn - T ∆ Srxn  ∆ Grxn < 0 favors formation of products

 governed by Eact, where rxn rate α e -Eact/RT  smaller Eact or higher temp leads to faster rxn  for a reaction with more than one step, the overall rate of reaction depends on the step with the largest Eact, the rate determining step

Although most reactions are EXOTHERMIC, there are many ENDOTHERMIC reactions that occur.
Enthalpy and entropy must BOTH be considered when predicting whether a reaction will occur.
ENTROPY (Δ S ) can be thought of as molecular disorder, randomness, or freedom.
Entropy may most accurately be thought of as the number of states that a molecule’s energy can be distributed over.
Which of the two molecules below should have greater entropy? WHY?

6.2 Entropy Δ S

Klein, Organic Chemistry

The total entropy change will determine whether a process is spontaneous (favors the forward direction): - If Δ S tot is positive, the process is spontaneous. What if Δ S tot is negative?
For each of the reactions below, predict the sign for Δ S sys.

6.2 Entropy Δ S

If a process at a given temperature is calculated to have a (+) Δ G , the process is ENDERGONIC. - It will be NONSPONTANEOUS and favor the reactants. - What does it mean exactly to FAVOR the reactants?
Practice with CONCEPTUAL CHECKPOINT 6.4.

6.3 Gibbs Free Energy Δ G

To quantify how much the reactant concentration affects the rate of reaction, the rate law equation is used: - The degree to which a change in [reactant] will affect the rate is known as the ORDER. - The ORDER is represented by x and y in the rate law equation:

6.5 Kinetics – Rate Law Equations

Why does a lower Eact result in a greater reaction rate?

6.5 Kinetics – Factors that Affect Rates

Distinguish between KINETICS and THERMODYNAMICS.

6.6 Energy Diagrams

For each of the diagrams below, will the transition state structure look more like the reactants or the products?

6.6 Energy Diagrams –

The Hammond Postulate

M6Q1: Which are the kinetic products in the energy diagram below, and which are the thermodynamic products?

a. C+D are thermodynamic, E+F are kinetic b. C+D are kinetic, E+F are thermodynamic c. C+D are thermodynamic and kinetic d. E+F are thermodynamic and kinetic

Chapter 6 notes for Orgo 1, Lecture notes of Organic Chemistry

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Chapter 6 notes for Orgo 1 and more Lecture notes Organic Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Energy Diagrams

Equilibria & Kinetics

6.2 Entropy Δ S

6.2 Entropy Δ S

6.3 Gibbs Free Energy Δ G

6.5 Kinetics – Rate Law Equations

6.5 Kinetics – Factors that Affect Rates

6.6 Energy Diagrams

6.6 Energy Diagrams –

The Hammond Postulate