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Law of Mass Conservation
mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions TERM 2
Formula Units
DEFINITION 2 one unit, atom or molecule, corresponding to a given formula (can give the molar ratio) used in balancing equations TERM 3
Coefficients
DEFINITION 3 numbers placed before formulas to indicate how many formula units of each substance are required to balance the equation TERM 4
Single molecule
DEFINITION 4 neither solid, liquid or gas, but a lot of them can have physical properties TERM 5
Molecular Mass
DEFINITION 5 average mass of a substance's molecules also called formula mass is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule
Mole
Fundamental unit for measuring matterOne mole contains Avagadro's number (6.022 X 10^23) formula units TERM 7
Stoichiometry
DEFINITION 7 Chemical arithmetic needed for mole-mass conversations TERM 8
Percent Yield
DEFINITION 8 The amount of product actually formed in a reaction divided by the amount theoretically possible and multiplied by 100% TERM 9
Limiting Reagent
DEFINITION 9 The extent to which a chemical reaction takes place depends on the reactant that is present in limiting amount. The one with less moles. TERM 10
Molarity
DEFINITION 10 M=mols/V (L)
Percent Composition
expressed by identifying the elements present and giving the mass percent of each TERM 17
Empirical formula
DEFINITION 17 the smallest, whole-number ratios of atoms in a the compound TERM 18
Molecular formula
DEFINITION 18 the actual numbers of atoms in a molecule, can be the same as the empirical formula but need to know the molecular mass. TERM 19
Given mass percents, find subscripts in an
empirical formula.
DEFINITION 19 Mass percents-->moles-->mole ratios-->subscripts TERM 20
Three categories of reactions
DEFINITION 20 Precipitation reactions Acid-base neutralization reactions Oxidation-Reduction reactions
Precipitation Reactions
process in which soluble ionic reactions yield an insoluble solid product that falls out of the solution. so some of the dissolved ions are removed.Most of these reactions occur when anions and cations of two ionic compounds change partners. TERM 22
Acid-Base neutralization
reactions
DEFINITION 22 process in which an acid reacts with a base to yield water and an ionic salt. Acids give of H+ ions and bases give off OH- ions TERM 23
Oxidation and Reduction reactions
DEFINITION 23 process in chick one of more electrons are transferred between reaction partners and because of this the charges on the atoms change TERM 24
Electrolytes
DEFINITION 24 In chemistry, an electrolyte is any substance containing free ions that make the substance electrically conductive. Most electrolytes are ionic but some are molecular. TERM 25
Strong electrolytes vs. Weak electrolytes
DEFINITION 25 Largely dissolve into ions when dissolved in water whereas weak electrolytes don't dissociate all the way.
