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anterograde amnesia
Lack of memory for events that occur after a brain injury. TERM 2
capacity
DEFINITION 2 The sum total of cognitive resources available at any given time. TERM 3
central executive
DEFINITION 3 The proposed component of working memory responsible for directing the flow of information and selecting what information to work with. TERM 4
chunking
DEFINITION 4 The formation of individual units of information into larger units. This is often used as a means of overcoming short- term memory limitations TERM 5
coding
DEFINITION 5 The form in which information is mentally or internally represented.
decay
A hypothesized process of forgetting in which material is thought to erode, break apart, or otherwise disintegrate or fade. TERM 7
echo
DEFINITION 7 A sensory memory for auditory stimuli. TERM 8
encoding
DEFINITION 8 The cognitive process(es) by which information is translated into a mental or internal representation and stored. TERM 9
exhaustive
search
DEFINITION 9 A search for information in which each item in a set is examined, even after the target is found. TERM 10
forgetting
DEFINITION 10 The processes that prevent information from being retrieved from a memory store.
modal model of memory
A theoretical approach to the study of memory that emphasizes the existence of different memory stores (for example, sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory). TERM 17
parallel
search
DEFINITION 17 A search for information in which several stores or slots of information are simultaneously examined to match to the target TERM 18
phonological loop
DEFINITION 18 The proposed component of working memory responsible for subvocally rehearsing auditory information. TERM 19
primacy effect
DEFINITION 19 The improvement in retention of information learned at the beginning of a task TERM 20
proactive interference
DEFINITION 20 A phenomenon in which earlier learned material disrupts the learning of subsequent material.
recency effect
The improvement in retention of information learned at the end of a task. TERM 22
rehearsal
DEFINITION 22 A mnemonic strategy of repeating information (either aloud or silently) to facilitate retention and later retrieval. TERM 23
retention duration
DEFINITION 23 The amount of time a memory trace remains available for retrieval. TERM 24
retrieval
DEFINITION 24 The processes by which stored information is brought back to conscious awareness. TERM 25
retrograde amnesia
DEFINITION 25 Amnesia concerning old events.
storage
The mental holding on to information between the time it is encoded and the time it is retrieved. TERM 32
visuo-spatial sketchpad
DEFINITION 32 The proposed component of working memory that maintains visual or spatial information. TERM 33
working memory
DEFINITION 33 A memory structure proposed by Baddeley, described as consisting of a limited-capacity work space that can be allocated, somewhat flexibly, into storage space and control processing. It is thought to consist of three components: a central executive, a phonological loop, and a visuospatial sketch pad.
