Partial preview of the text
Download Cell Biology: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
What does "cell" mean?
Small room
TERM 2
What are the smallest units of living matter?
DEFINITION 2
Cells!
TERM 3
What is a plasma membrane?
DEFINITION 3
Outermost membrane of cell, boundary between inside and
outside of cell.
TERM 4
What is a nucleus?
DEFINITION 4
Location in cell of DNA in Eukaryotic cells
TERM 5
What is a nucleoid?
DEFINITION 5
Location in cell of DNA in nucleoid
What is the
Cytoplasm?
Everything from edge of nucleus to plasma membrane
TERM 7
What size are most cells?
DEFINITION 7
Smaller than one millimeter
TERM 8
Why are cells so small?
DEFINITION 8
Surface area to volume ratio. As cells get larger in volume,
relative surface area actually decreases
TERM 9
What do Prokaryotic cells lack?
DEFINITION 9
A membrane-bound nucleus
TERM 10
What 2 domains are Prokaryotic cells divided
into?
DEFINITION 10
Eubacteria & Archaea
What does the nucleoid of a Prokaryotic cell
contain?
Most genes in a circular DNA molecule.
TERM 17
What are thylakoids?
DEFINITION 17
Flattened discs with light sensitive pigment molecules for
photosynthesis.
TERM 18
What are
Pili?
DEFINITION 18
Projections that help in attachment.
TERM 19
What do Eukaryotic Cells contain?
DEFINITION 19
Membrane-bounded nucleus
Specialized organelles.
Plasma membrane.
TERM 20
What are chromatin?
DEFINITION 20
Threadlike structures that house DNA
What Kingdoms include Eukaryotic cells?
Fungi
Animalia
Plantae
Protista
TERM 22
What is a cytoskeleton?
DEFINITION 22
An organized lattice of protein filaments
TERM 23
What is the Endosymbiotic
Hypothesis
DEFINITION 23
Eukaryotic line arose when cells with various capabilities
were incorporated as endosymbionts into other cells
TERM 24
What is the diameter of a nucleus?
DEFINITION 24
5 micrometers
TERM 25
What is a
nucleoplasm
DEFINITION 25
A semifluid medium of the nucleus
What allows eukaryotic cells to be larger than
prokaryotic cells?
Compartmentalization
TERM 32
What is Endoplasmic Reticulum?
DEFINITION 32
A system of membrane channels continuous with outer
membrane of nuclear envelope
TERM 33
What are the 2 types of E.R.?
DEFINITION 33
Rough ER - Contains ribosomes, site of protein synthesis
Smooth ER - Lacks ribosomes, site of various synthetic
processes
TERM 34
What is the Golgi apparatus and what does it
do?
DEFINITION 34
Consists of flattened, curved saccules
Modifies proteins and lipids and packages them in
vesicles
TERM 35
What are Lysosomes?
DEFINITION 35
Membrane-bounded vesicles produced by the Golgi
apparatus, contain digestive enzymes
In what do Lysosomes
engage?
Digestion of molecules and apoptosis (programmed cell
death)
TERM 37
What uses lysosomes to engulf bacteria?
DEFINITION 37
White blood cells
TERM 38
What are vacuoles, and where are they
largest?
DEFINITION 38
Large membranous sacs, which are used for storage
Largets in plant cells
TERM 39
What are Peroxisomes and to what are they
similar?
DEFINITION 39
Enzyme filled vesicles that breakdown fatty acids and
amino acids into hydrogen peroxide.
Similar to lysosomes
TERM 40
What use solar energy to synthesize
carbohydrates and what is the system called?
DEFINITION 40
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
What is a cytoskeleton?
Serves as internal skeleton that maintains cell shape and
assists in movement of its parts
TERM 47
What are the 3 types of cytoskeleton
fibers?
DEFINITION 47
Actin
Microtubules
Intermediate
TERM 48
What are centrioles?
DEFINITION 48
Short cylinder microtubules that may give rise to basal
bodies of cilia and flagella.
Do not occur in plants
TERM 49
What are pseudopods?
DEFINITION 49
Lobes that project for locomotion and capture of food
TERM 50
What is a plasma membrane?
DEFINITION 50
The outer living boundary of the cell
What has a cell wall? What has an
extracellular matrix?
Cell wall:
Plants
Fungi
Algae
Bacteria
Extracellular matrix:
Animals
