Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Chapter 3 Study Guide - Introduction to Philosophy | PHIL 301, Study notes of Introduction to Philosophy

Chapter 3 Study Guide Material Type: Notes; Professor: Holbrook; Class: INTRODUCTN TO PHILOSOPHY; Subject: Philosophy; University: Jackson State University; Term: Spring 2011;

Typology: Study notes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 05/06/2011

goodie-gurl24
goodie-gurl24 🇺🇸

2 documents

1 / 3

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Chapter Three Study Guide
1. Ryle’s program in the book, The Concept of Mind was largely critical—to dispel what he
called “Descartes’ myth.” His constructive theory has been called;
2. Descartes’ proposal for the physical and nonphysical and whether the soul survives
bodily death; was relatively simple: he argued that minds and bodies are two different
kinds of: .
3. One point underlying the identity theorist’s claim needs clarification, namely, the kind of
identity that he has in mind when he maintains that states of consciousness are just
identically are states of the; .
4. Although Descartes held that mind and body are entirely and truly distinct from one
another, they do interact in a relationship of;
5. Hume says, all of the beliefs about behavior of others are instances of ____ ____, and we
all consider them quite as reliable as our judgments about the boiling point of water or the
properties of sodium. .
6. Anaxagoras argued two hypotheses; he insisted that in everything there is a portion of
everything. For how else could hair come from what is not hair? Or flesh from what is
not flesh? Unless hair and flesh as well as teeth, eyes, and bones… are;
7. The realm of independent reality stands outside of the chain of natural causation. In that
realm, a different kind of determination holds sway, what Kant calls; .
8. The basic idea underlying the identity theory—or rather, the various identity theories—is
that every mental phenomenon is identical to some;
9. In relying on an Absolute Idealism, Parmenides consciously rejected time, change, and;.
10. For Thomas Hobbes, liberty or freedom signifieth (properly) the absence of:
11. Hobbes also believed a free person is he or she that in those things which by his or her
strength and will he or she is able to do, is not hindered to do what he or she has a will to
do is; for him; .
12. In his second thesis of his theory Anaxagoras advanced the proposition of the nous
(Universal Mind) as an airy material, pure and rarefied, that possessed;.
13. One of the proponents the Sophists used in their new-found emphasis was;
14. A curious thing about the ontological question is its simplicity. It can be put into three
Anglo-Saxon monosyllables “What is there?” It can be answered moreover in a word; .
15. Descartes faced two challenges in his quest to prove the existence of the soul by rational
philosophy; not theology. First to find a place in physical, mathematically describable
nature for a nonphysical, non quantitative mind; and the second, to demonstrate by
rational philosophy that the soul; .
16. ______ further theorized that two forces, which he dubbed “love” and “hate,”
orchestrated the day-to-day operations of the universe. The two forces were in
continuous strife, waging an eternal cosmological battle.
17. One of the oldest and most challenging metaphysical questions is the problem often
referred to by philosophers as;
18. Parmenides was not convinced of a process of change. Instead, he argued that genuine
change is impossible because fundamentally the arché is _________ itself.
19. The view that mental states are causal by-products of physical processes, but denies that
mental events ever cause changes in the body or any part of it, is; .
20. The problem of attempting to find a way out of the morass into which Descartes’
dualistic interaction led him; he came up with the; .
pf3

Partial preview of the text

Download Chapter 3 Study Guide - Introduction to Philosophy | PHIL 301 and more Study notes Introduction to Philosophy in PDF only on Docsity!

Chapter Three Study Guide

  1. Ryle’s program in the book, The Concept of Mind was largely critical—to dispel what he called “Descartes’ myth.” His constructive theory has been called;
  2. Descartes’ proposal for the physical and nonphysical and whether the soul survives bodily death; was relatively simple: he argued that minds and bodies are two different kinds of:.
  3. One point underlying the identity theorist’s claim needs clarification, namely, the kind of identity that he has in mind when he maintains that states of consciousness are just identically are states of the;.
  4. Although Descartes held that mind and body are entirely and truly distinct from one another, they do interact in a relationship of;
  5. Hume says, all of the beliefs about behavior of others are instances of ____ ____, and we all consider them quite as reliable as our judgments about the boiling point of water or the properties of sodium..
  6. Anaxagoras argued two hypotheses; he insisted that in everything there is a portion of everything. For how else could hair come from what is not hair? Or flesh from what is not flesh? Unless hair and flesh as well as teeth, eyes, and bones… are;
  7. The realm of independent reality stands outside of the chain of natural causation. In that realm, a different kind of determination holds sway, what Kant calls;.
  8. The basic idea underlying the identity theory—or rather, the various identity theories—is that every mental phenomenon is identical to some;
  9. In relying on an Absolute Idealism, Parmenides consciously rejected time, change, and;.
  10. For Thomas Hobbes, liberty or freedom signifieth (properly) the absence of:
  11. Hobbes also believed a free person is he or she that in those things which by his or her strength and will he or she is able to do, is not hindered to do what he or she has a will to do is; for him;.
  12. In his second thesis of his theory Anaxagoras advanced the proposition of the nous (Universal Mind) as an airy material, pure and rarefied, that possessed;.
  13. One of the proponents the Sophists used in their new-found emphasis was;
  14. A curious thing about the ontological question is its simplicity. It can be put into three Anglo-Saxon monosyllables “What is there?” It can be answered moreover in a word;.
  15. Descartes faced two challenges in his quest to prove the existence of the soul by rational philosophy; not theology. First to find a place in physical, mathematically describable nature for a nonphysical, non quantitative mind; and the second, to demonstrate by rational philosophy that the soul;.
  16. ______ further theorized that two forces, which he dubbed “love” and “hate,” orchestrated the day-to-day operations of the universe. The two forces were in continuous strife, waging an eternal cosmological battle.
  17. One of the oldest and most challenging metaphysical questions is the problem often referred to by philosophers as;
  18. Parmenides was not convinced of a process of change. Instead, he argued that genuine change is impossible because fundamentally the arché is _________ itself.
  19. The view that mental states are causal by-products of physical processes, but denies that mental events ever cause changes in the body or any part of it, is;.
  20. The problem of attempting to find a way out of the morass into which Descartes’ dualistic interaction led him; he came up with the;.
  1. ______maintain that states of consciousness just identically are states of the brain. Some identity claims are such that you can test them immediately and conclusively simply by examining their structure or the meaning of their component parts;
  2. Aristotle introduced the concept of _____, which means matter has “inner purpose” or “end”. In short, all matter has entelechy and hence seeks form.
  3. Atoms, Democritus theorized, are imperceptible, indestructible, homogenous and indivisible particles of matter. As such, atoms are perpetually in motion in the void of;.
  4. The problem of explaining exactly what the relationship is between our minds and physical bodies in space is termed;.
  5. The basic idea underlying the identity theory—or rather, the various identity theories—is that every mental phenomenon (state, event, or process) is identical to some;.
  6. When I drive down a two-way street, I am predicting that the people driving toward me will not suddenly decide to veer into my lane and crash into my car. When I fly, I bet my life that the pilot will perform in a totally expert fashion; and when I eat out, I expect the chef not to poison me. All of these beliefs about behavior of others are instances of;.
  7. From Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan; Feare and ____ are consistent; as when a man throweth his goods into the sea for feare the ship will sink, he doth it nevertheless very willingly and may refuse to do it if he will.
  8. Thales’ assumptions have several significant implications. One implication is that the _________ constitutes an independent objective existence from that of humans.
  9. The senses can only comprehend the changing world while reason is capable of fathoming the “being” or real world. Being also does not cease to be, for it always is, nor can it be divide or increased. Parmenides’ theory as been dubbed by some;.
  10. Heraclitus, a contemporary of Pythagoras, hypothesized that all reality had its origin in change. In other words, rather than a single substance, as the Milesian monists had determined, reality was attributable to a _______..
  11. In the 2nd^ half of the 5th^ century the Sophists, in the midst of doubt about philosophical wisdom turned their emphasis to practical investigations of human affairs. They tailored their teaching to the art of;
  12. ____ were proponents of skepticism about ultimate reality. Their skepticism prompted them to be guided by the following precepts: Nothing exists; If something does exist, it cannot be known; But even if it can, it cannot be communicated; Live by appearances..
  13. Metaphysics; in modern ____, is the study of the most fundamental principles of the nature of things..
  14. The problem for Hobbes and other materialists, is how to explain the human mind and its operations with out ever appealing to anything except:
  15. The consciousness objection goes like this. The defining characteristic of all minds—the “essence,” as some philosophers put it—is:
  16. The theory that everything in the universe is either minds, or else ideas in minds, is called by philosophers as;
  17. The theory that everything in the universe is matter, is referred to by philosophers as;.
  18. The two aspects of Descartes’ theory that lead to the Cartesian Problem are; its dualism, and its;.
  19. Neutral monism, sometimes associated with ____-____ theories, is the doctrine that the universe consists of only one underlying substance which is itself neither mental nor physical but of which mind and body are two manifestations, aspects, or emanations..
  20. Gilbert Ryle argued that Descartes’ theory of the “official view” as well as most of the other theories we have mentioned, suffer from a fundamental logical confusion, a confusion Ryle labeled a:.