Chapter Three Study Guide
1. Ryle’s program in the book, The Concept of Mind was largely critical—to dispel what he
called “Descartes’ myth.” His constructive theory has been called;
2. Descartes’ proposal for the physical and nonphysical and whether the soul survives
bodily death; was relatively simple: he argued that minds and bodies are two different
kinds of: .
3. One point underlying the identity theorist’s claim needs clarification, namely, the kind of
identity that he has in mind when he maintains that states of consciousness are just
identically are states of the; .
4. Although Descartes held that mind and body are entirely and truly distinct from one
another, they do interact in a relationship of;
5. Hume says, all of the beliefs about behavior of others are instances of ____ ____, and we
all consider them quite as reliable as our judgments about the boiling point of water or the
properties of sodium. .
6. Anaxagoras argued two hypotheses; he insisted that in everything there is a portion of
everything. For how else could hair come from what is not hair? Or flesh from what is
not flesh? Unless hair and flesh as well as teeth, eyes, and bones… are;
7. The realm of independent reality stands outside of the chain of natural causation. In that
realm, a different kind of determination holds sway, what Kant calls; .
8. The basic idea underlying the identity theory—or rather, the various identity theories—is
that every mental phenomenon is identical to some;
9. In relying on an Absolute Idealism, Parmenides consciously rejected time, change, and;.
10. For Thomas Hobbes, liberty or freedom signifieth (properly) the absence of:
11. Hobbes also believed a free person is he or she that in those things which by his or her
strength and will he or she is able to do, is not hindered to do what he or she has a will to
do is; for him; .
12. In his second thesis of his theory Anaxagoras advanced the proposition of the nous
(Universal Mind) as an airy material, pure and rarefied, that possessed;.
13. One of the proponents the Sophists used in their new-found emphasis was;
14. A curious thing about the ontological question is its simplicity. It can be put into three
Anglo-Saxon monosyllables “What is there?” It can be answered moreover in a word; .
15. Descartes faced two challenges in his quest to prove the existence of the soul by rational
philosophy; not theology. First to find a place in physical, mathematically describable
nature for a nonphysical, non quantitative mind; and the second, to demonstrate by
rational philosophy that the soul; .
16. ______ further theorized that two forces, which he dubbed “love” and “hate,”
orchestrated the day-to-day operations of the universe. The two forces were in
continuous strife, waging an eternal cosmological battle.
17. One of the oldest and most challenging metaphysical questions is the problem often
referred to by philosophers as;
18. Parmenides was not convinced of a process of change. Instead, he argued that genuine
change is impossible because fundamentally the arché is _________ itself.
19. The view that mental states are causal by-products of physical processes, but denies that
mental events ever cause changes in the body or any part of it, is; .
20. The problem of attempting to find a way out of the morass into which Descartes’
dualistic interaction led him; he came up with the; .
