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Chapter 3, part 2 | PSYC - Psychology, Quizzes of Psychology

Class: PSYC - Psychology; Subject: Psychology; University: Loyola University New Orleans; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Quizzes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 05/06/2011

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TERM 1
nervous system
DEFINITION 1
a complex combination of cells whose primary function is to
allow an organism to gain information about what is going on
inside and outside the body and to respond appropriately
TERM 2
neuron
DEFINITION 2
fundamental unit of the nervous system; nerve cell
TERM 3
glial cell
DEFINITION 3
cells in the nervous system that hold neurons together and
help them communicate with one another
TERM 4
axon
DEFINITION 4
a fiber that carries signals from the body of a neuron out to
where communication occurs with other neurons
TERM 5
dendrite
DEFINITION 5
a neuron fiber that receives signals from the axons of other
neurons and carries those signals to the cell body
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nervous system

a complex combination of cells whose primary function is to allow an organism to gain information about what is going on inside and outside the body and to respond appropriately TERM 2

neuron

DEFINITION 2 fundamental unit of the nervous system; nerve cell TERM 3

glial cell

DEFINITION 3 cells in the nervous system that hold neurons together and help them communicate with one another TERM 4

axon

DEFINITION 4 a fiber that carries signals from the body of a neuron out to where communication occurs with other neurons TERM 5

dendrite

DEFINITION 5 a neuron fiber that receives signals from the axons of other neurons and carries those signals to the cell body

synapse

the tiny gap between neurons across which they communicate TERM 7

myelin

DEFINITION 7 a fatty substance that wraps around some axons and increases the speed of action potentials TERM 8

action potential

DEFINITION 8 an abrupt wave of electrochemical changes traveling down an axon when a neuron becomes depolarized TERM 9

refractory period

DEFINITION 9 a short test period between action potentials TERM 10

receptors

DEFINITION 10 sites on the surface of a cell that allow only one type of neurotransmitter to fit into them, triggering a chemical response that may lead to an action potential

parasympathetic nervous system

regulates the bodys energy-conserving functions TERM 17

fight-or-flight syndrome

DEFINITION 17 responses resulting from intense activity of the sympathetic nervous system; physical reactions triggered by the sympathetic nervous system that prepare the body to fight or to run from a threatening situation TERM 18

medulla

DEFINITION 18 an area in the hindbrain that controls blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and other vital functions TERM 19

cerebellum

DEFINITION 19 the part of the hindbrain whose main functions include controlling finely coordinated movements and storing memories about movement, but which may also be involved in impulse control, emotion, and language TERM 20

reticular formation

DEFINITION 20 a network of cells and fibers threaded throughout the hindbrain and midbrain that alters the activity of the rest of the brain

thalamus

a forebrain structure that relays signals from most sense organs to higher levels in the brain and plays an important role in processing and making sense out of this information TERM 22

hypothalamus

DEFINITION 22 a structure in the forebrain that regulates hunger, thirst, and sex drives TERM 23

amygdale

DEFINITION 23 a structure in the forebrain that, among other things, associates features of stimuli from two sensory modalities TERM 24

hippocampus

DEFINITION 24 a structure in the forebrain associated with the formation of new memories TERM 25

limbic system

DEFINITION 25 a set of brain structures that play important roles in regulating emption and memory

lateralization

referring to the tendency for one cerebral hemisphere to excel at a particular function or skill compared with the other hemisphere TERM 32

neurotransmitter system

DEFINITION 32 a group of neurons that communicates by using the same neurotransmitter TERM 33

acetylcholine

DEFINITION 33 a neurotransmitter used by neurons in the peripheral and central nervous systems in the control of functions ranging from muscle contraction and heart rate to digestion and memory TERM 34

gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)

DEFINITION 34 a neurotransmitter that inhibits the firing of neurons TERM 35

endorphins

DEFINITION 35 one of a class of neurotransmitters that bind to opiate receptors and moderate pain

endocrine system

cells that form organs called glands and that communicate with one another by secreting chemicals called hormones TERM 37

hormones

DEFINITION 37 chemicals secreted by a gland into the bloodstream, which carries them throughout the body TERM 38

pituitary gland

DEFINITION 38 regulates growth; controls the thyroid, ovaries or testes, pancreas, and adrenal cortex; regulates water and salt metabolism