Download Chapter 3: Interpersonal Communication & The Self | COMM - Interpersonal Communication and more Quizzes Communication and Development studies in PDF only on Docsity!
Benevolent Lie
A lie that is not considered malicious by the person who tells
it
TERM 2
Equivocation
DEFINITION 2
A statement that is not false, but cleverly avoids an
unpleasant truth.*Equivocation is neither a false message
nor a clear truth, but an alternative used precisely when both
of these are to be avoided.
TERM 3
Face
DEFINITION 3
The image an individual wants to project to the world
TERM 4
Facework
DEFINITION 4
Actions people take to preserve their own and others'
presenting images
TERM 5
Impression Management
DEFINITION 5
The communication strategies people use to influence how
others view them
Johari Window
A model that describes the relationship between self-
disclosure and self-awareness
TERM 7
Lie
DEFINITION 7
A deliberate act of deception
TERM 8
Perceived Self
DEFINITION 8
The person we believe ourselves to be in moments of candor,
it may be identical with or different from the presenting and
desired selves
TERM 9
Presenting Self
DEFINITION 9
The image a person presents to others, it may be identical
with or different from the perceived and desired selves
TERM 10
Privacy Management
DEFINITION 10
The choices people make to reveal or conceal information
about themselves
Significant
Other
A person whose opinion is important enough to affect one's
self-concept strongly
TERM 17
Social Comparison
DEFINITION 17
Evaluating oneself in terms of or by comparison to others
TERM 18
Social Penetration Model
DEFINITION 18
A model that describes relationships in terms of their breadth
and depth
TERM 19
Self-Esteem
DEFINITION 19
The part of the self-concept that involves evaluation of self-
worth
TERM 20
Michaelangelo's Effect
DEFINITION 20
Describes the way significant others sculpt one another's
self-concepts
Intermediated Reflected Appraisal
Describes how temporary communicators draw conclusions
about themselves, by considering how others view them
online
TERM 22
Cognitive Conservatism
DEFINITION 22
The tendency to seek out information that conforms to an
existing self-concept
TERM 23
4 Requirements that Must be Met for an
Appraisal to be Regarded as Important
DEFINITION 23
The person who offers a particular appraisal must be someone
we see as competent to offer it
The appraisal must be perceived as highly personal
The appraisal must be reasonable, in light of what we believe
about ourselves
Appraisals that are consistent and numerous are more
persuasive than those that contradict usual appraisals or those
that occur only once
TERM 24
What are the 4 stages of a Self-Fulfilling
Prophecy?
DEFINITION 24
Holding an expectation (for yourself or for others)
Behaving in accordance with that expectation
The expectation coming to pass
Reinforcing the original expectation
TERM 25
What are the two types of Self-Fulfilling
Prophecies?
DEFINITION 25
The two types of self-fulfilling prophecies are self-imposed
prophecies (occur when your own expectations influence
your behavior) and those that occur when one person's
expectations govern another's actions.
The 4 Levels of Self-Disclosure
Cliches: ritualized, stock responses to social situations; How are
you doing? Fine.
Facts: intentional, significant and not otherwise know factual
statements; This isn't my first time at college, I dropped out a year
ago with terrible grades.
Opinions: offering information about yourself that often reveals
more about yourself than facts do; political or religious beliefs
Feelings: a big difference from opinions; I'm suspicious, I'm angry
or I'm hurt
TERM 32
The 4 Different Panes of the Johari Window
Model
DEFINITION 32
Open: known to self and others
Blind: not known to self, but known to others
Hidden: known to self, but not known to others
Unknown: not known to self or others
TERM 33
The 7 Benefits of Self-Disclosure and
Explanations
DEFINITION 33
Catharsis: disclosing information to relieve the burden of pent-up emotions, whether face-to-face or online Self-Clarification: clarify your beliefs, opinions, thoughts, attitudes and feelings by talking about them with another person Self-Validation: disclosing information with the hope of seeking the listener's agreement Reciprocity: revealing personal information in an attempt to trigger self- disclosure by others Impression Formation: revealing information to make ourselves more attractive Relationship Maintenance and Enhancement: we like people who disclose personal information to us, we reveal more about ourselves to people we like and we tend to like others more after we have disclosed to them Moral Obligation: disclosing information out of a sense of moral obligation TERM 34
The 6 Risks of Self-Disclosure and
Explanations
DEFINITION 34
Rejection: I am afraid to tell you who I am, you may not like who I am and that's all I have; fear of disapproval (sometimes even exaggerated and/or illogical) Negative Impression: even if disclosure doesn't lead to total rejection, it can create a negative impression Decrease in Relational Satisfaction: besides affecting other's opinions of you, disclosure can lead to a decrease in the satisfaction that comes from a relationship Loss of Influence: potential loss of influence in the relationship; confessing a secret weakness means your control over how the other person views you can be diminished Loss of Control: revealing something about yourself means losing control of the information; even solemn pledges from others to maintain your secrecy are often not kept Hurt the Other Person: even if revealing hidden information makes you feel better, it might hurt others-causing them to be upset TERM 35
5 Guidelines for Self-Disclosure
DEFINITION 35
Is the other person important to you?
Is the risk of disclosing reasonable?
Is the self-disclosure appropriate?
Is the disclosure reciprocated?
Will the effect be constructive?
4 Alternatives to Self-Disclosure
Silence
Lying
Equivocation
Hinting
TERM 37
Hints
DEFINITION 37
Hints are more discrete than equivocal statements. Whereas an
equivocal message isn't necessarily aimed at changing another's
behavior, a hint seeks to get the desired response from the other
person, some hints are designed to save the receiver from
embarrassment. The success of a hint depends on the other
person's ability to pick up the unexpressed message, you may
have to be more direct; but, you can withdraw without risk.
