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Neutrophils
___________ are a kind of white blood cells, capable of recognizing and destroying foreign invaders and part of the body's immune system. TERM 2
Immune
DEFINITION 2 The human body's __________ system recognizes agents that cause disease and attacks them. TERM 3
Pathogens
DEFINITION 3 Nearly everything in the environment teems with the __________, agents that cause disease. TERM 4
Innate Defenses
DEFINITION 4 ________________ is a series of defenses that act immediately upon infection and are the same whether or not the pathogen has been encountered before. Found in all animals and includes skin, mucous membranes, phagocytic cells, antimircrobial proteins. Same response to invaders each time. TERM 5
Inflammatory
DEFINITION 5 Tissue damage triggers the ___________ response. Can disinfect tissues and limit further infection.
Interferons/Neutrophils/Macrophages/Natural
Killer/Complement
Vertebrate innate immunity includes barriers such as skin and mucous membranes. ______________, proteins produced by virus infected cells, that help to limit the cell-to-cell spread of viruses, _______________ (phagocytic cells), _______________, large phagocytic cells that wander through the interstitual fluid, ___________ cells that attack cancer cells and virus-infected cells, and a ____________ system, a group of about 30 kinds of proteins that can act with other defense mechanisms. TERM 7
Lymphatic
DEFINITION 7 The ___________ system is involved in innate and adaptive immunity and consists of a network of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph. TERM 8
Lymphatic Vessels/Lymph Organs
DEFINITION 8 ______________ collect fluid from body tissues and return it as lymph to the blood. _____________ include the spleen and lymph bodes and are packed blood cells that fight infections. TERM 9
Microbes, Parts of microbes, and Microbial
toxins
DEFINITION 9 As lymph circulates through lymphatic organs it collects: ______________________________________________, and transports them to the lymphatic organs where macrophages in lymphatic organs engulf the invaders and lymphocytes may mount an adaptive immune response. TERM 10
Antigens
DEFINITION 10 Our immune system responds to foreign molecules called ________, which elicit the adaptive immune response.
B lymphoctyes
_________________ or B cells continue developing in bone marrow. TERM 17
T lymphocytes
DEFINITION 17 ________________ or T cells develop further in the thymus. TERM 18
B cells
DEFINITION 18 ____ cells participate in the humoral immune response and secrete antibodies into the blood and lymph. TERM 19
T cells
DEFINITION 19 _____ cells participate in the cell-mediated immune response, attack cells infected with bacteria or viruses, and promote phagocytosis by other white blood cells and by stimulating B cells to produce antibodies. TERM 20
Antigen Receptors
DEFINITION 20 Millions of kinds of B cells and T cells. Each with different ______________________, capable of binding one specific type of antigen, wait in the lymphatic system, where they may respond to invaders.
Antigens
____________ are molecules that elicit the adaptive immune response, usually do not belong to the host animal, and are proteins or large polysaccharides on the surfaces of viruses of foreign cells. TERM 22
Antigenic Determinants
DEFINITION 22 ___________________ are specific regions on an antigen where anitbodies bind. An antigen usually has several different determinants. The antigen-binding site of an antibody and an antigenic determinant have complementary shapes. TERM 23
Clonal Selection
DEFINITION 23 In ________________ the selected lymphocyte cells multiply into clones of short-lived effector cells, specialized for defending against the antigen that triggered the response and multiply into memory cells , which confer long-term immunity. Plasma cells are the effector cells produced during clonal selection of B cells. TERM 24
Primary/Secondary
DEFINITION 24 The clonal selection of B cells occurs in two responses. In the ____________________ response, clonal selection produces effector cells and memory cells that may confer lifelong immunity. In the ___________________ response, memory cells are activated by a second exposure to the same antigen. TERM 25
AN A+ 100% !!!!!!
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DEFINITION 25 WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO GET ON THIS TEST????? :D
