Download Chemistry Basics: Understanding Matter, Elements, Atoms, and Chemical Reactions and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
What is Matter? What is it made up of?
Anything that has mass and takes up space- Made up of elements TERM 2
Elements - How many natural - How many
make up 98% body weight - Name them
DEFINITION 2
- 92 naturally occurring elements- Six make up 98%- SPONCH Sulfer Phosphorus Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen TERM 3
What are the smallest units of matter?
DEFINITION 3 Atoms TERM 4
What represents each
element?
DEFINITION 4 Atomic Symbol TERM 5
Where are protons, neutrons and electrons
located?
DEFINITION 5 Protons & neutrons in the nucleus Electrons orbiting the nucleus
What is the mass number made up
of?
Sum of protons and neutrons TERM 7
What is the atomic number made up
of?
DEFINITION 7 Number of protons TERM 8
Periodic Table - Elements grouped by what? -
Vertical columns called..? Horizontal rows
called..?
DEFINITION 8 Grouped based on individual characteristics Vertical columns = groups Horizontal rows = periods TERM 9
What are Isotopes?
DEFINITION 9 Atoms of the same individual characteristics TERM 10
How can radioactive isotopes be used?
DEFINITION 10 Tracers in biochemical pathways Radiation used in medical treatment Determine age of fossils Mutagens
Besides the K shell, how many electrons can
an orbital hold?
Eight TERM 17
How elements react with one another is
dependent upon what?
DEFINITION 17 The number of electrons in the outer shell. TERM 18
During chemical reactions, what is Oxidation?
DEFINITION 18 The loss of an electron TERM 19
During chemical reactions, what is Reduction?
DEFINITION 19 The gain of an electron. TERM 20
A chemical formula indicates what?
DEFINITION 20 The number of atoms in each substance.
What is a molecule? What is a compound?
What is a mixture?
2 or more atoms bonded together.Molecules that consist of two or more different elements in proportions that never vary.Two or more molecules that are not chemically bonded. TERM 22
How is an Ionic bond formed?
DEFINITION 22 Electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creates an ion. TERM 23
How are Covalent Bonds formed?
DEFINITION 23 When two atoms share electrons so that each atom has a complete outer shell. TERM 24
What are three types of Covalent Bonds?
DEFINITION 24 Non-polar - sharing of e- is equalPolar - sharing of e- is unequalHydrogen - Water molecule. Weak and easily broken. TERM 25
Name 6 characteristics of the chemistry of
water
DEFINITION 25 High heat capacity High heat vaporization Water is important in chemical reactions both inside and outside living systems Cohesive and Adhesive High surface tension Frozen water less dense than liquid water
