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Chemistry Terms: Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Chemical Bonds, Quizzes of Biology

Definitions for key chemistry terms including matter, elements, compounds, atomic number, mass number, isotopes, radioactive isotopes, energy, potential energy, valence electrons, orbitals, chemical bonds, covalent bonds, molecules, single bond, electronegativity, nonpolar covalent bond, polar covalent bond, ion, ionic bond, hydrogen bond, van der waals, chemical reactions, and chemical equilibrium.

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 09/25/2010

joseph-eck
joseph-eck 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Matter
DEFINITION 1
Matter is a general term for the substance of which all
physical objects are made. Anything that takes up space and
has mass
TERM 2
Element
DEFINITION 2
a substance that can't be broken down to other substances
by chemical reactions 92 elements
TERM 3
Compound
DEFINITION 3
a substance consisting of two or more different elements
combined in a fixed ratio
TERM 4
Trace elements
DEFINITION 4
those required by an organisms in minute quantities
TERM 5
atom
DEFINITION 5
The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense,
central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged
electrons.
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Matter

Matter is a general term for the substance of which all physical objects are made. Anything that takes up space and has mass TERM 2

Element

DEFINITION 2 a substance that can't be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions 92 elements TERM 3

Compound

DEFINITION 3 a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio TERM 4

Trace elements

DEFINITION 4 those required by an organisms in minute quantities TERM 5

atom

DEFINITION 5 The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.

Dalton

The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: u), also called the dalton (symbol: Da), is a unit used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. TERM 7

Atomic Number

DEFINITION 7 In chemistry and physics, the atomic number (also known as the proton number) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus. TERM 8

Mass Number

DEFINITION 8 the sum of the proton plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom TERM 9

Isotopes

DEFINITION 9 Isotopes are different types of atoms (nuclides) of the same chemical element, each having a different number of neutrons. Although they have slightly different masses, they behave identically in chemical reactions TERM 10

Radioactive Isotope

DEFINITION 10 one in which the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy

Covalent Bond

A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, and other covalent bonds. TERM 17

Molecule

DEFINITION 17 A molecule is defined as an electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong (covalent) chemical bonds. TERM 18

Single Bond

DEFINITION 18 pair of shared electron TERM 19

Electronegativity

DEFINITION 19 Electronegativity, symbol (the Greek letter chi), is a chemical property that describes the ability of an atom (or, more rarely, a functional group) to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself. TERM 20

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

DEFINITION 20 a bond in which electrons are shared equally

Polar Covalent Bond

In chemistry, polarity refers to a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule having an electric dipole. TERM 22

Ion

DEFINITION 22 An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. TERM 23

Ionic Bond

DEFINITION 23 An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that involves a metal and a nonmetal ion (or polyatomic ions such as ammonium) through electrostatic attraction. TERM 24

Hydrogen Bond

DEFINITION 24 A hydrogen bond is the attractive interaction of a hydrogen atom with an electronegative atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine (thus the name "hydrogen bond," which should not be confused with a covalent bond to hydrogen). TERM 25

Van der Waals

DEFINITION 25 In chemistry, van der Waals strain is strain resulting from van der Waals repulsion when two substituents in a molecule approach each other with a distance less than the sum of their van der Waals radii.