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Language
An agreed upon "communication system" TERM 2
Expressive Language
DEFINITION 2 Speak/Write Requires the sender of a message to "encode" Encode: putting thoughts into symbolic systems of the language for transmittal TERM 3
Receptive Language
DEFINITION 3 Read/hear Requires the receive of a message to "decode" Decode: making sense of the language symbolic system used by the sender in order to construct meaning TERM 4
Phonology
DEFINITION 4 Study of the sound structures of oral language TERM 5
Prosody
DEFINITION 5 "Speaking with Expression"
Intonation
Vocal pitch rises/falls in speaking Example: pitch rising at the end of a question TERM 7
Stress
DEFINITION 7 Loudness or softness of spoken words (speech intensity) For example, a speaker who wants to emphasize a particular point will say a word or phrase more loudly TERM 8
Juncture
DEFINITION 8 Refers to the slight pauses between parts of spoken words or words. Example: the difference between "i scream" and "ice cream" TERM 9
Rime
DEFINITION 9 Defined as the vowel sound and every other sound that follows the vowel sound in a syllable Example: "Oil" in the word "Spoil" TERM 10
Onset
DEFINITION 10 All sounds in a syllable that come before the vowel sound Example: "Sp" in the word "Spoil"
Phonics
A method of teaching people to read by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters in an alphabetic writing system TERM 17
Morphology
DEFINITION 17 Breaking words apart in order to study structures that create meaning TERM 18
Morpheme
DEFINITION 18 Smallest unit of meaning 2 Types: free and bound Free: stands alone as a word having --> root or base words such as ball, plant, etc. Bound: Must be connected to another --> Prefixes and suffixes such as pre, re, etc. TERM 19
Syntax
DEFINITION 19 Understanding of how words are combined into larger language structures, especially sentences TERM 20
Grammar
DEFINITION 20 Rule system for describing the structure/organization of language
Semantics
Connecting one's background experiences, knowledge, interests, attitudes, and perspectives with spoken/written language to construct meaning TERM 22
Schema Theory
DEFINITION 22 The belief that new knowledge is connected to related ideas one already knows TERM 23
Pragmatics
DEFINITION 23 The study of how language is used in society to satisfy the needs of human communication TERM 24
Dialect
DEFINITION 24 Speech variations associated with various geographic regions or ethnic groups Affects childrens ability to understand and use the sounds of spoken English TERM 25
Behaviorist Theory
DEFINITION 25 Believe that oral language is learned through conditioning and shaping processes that involve a stimulus and a reward or a punishment
Mean Length of Utterance
(MLU)
The average number of words spoken in a statement TERM 32
Forms of Language
DEFINITION 32 Vocabulary, verb tense, parts of speech, and sentence structure TERM 33
Language Fluency
DEFINITION 33 Varying the ways oral language can be used Example: one reads aloud a folktale in a different way than a math story problem TERM 34
Dialogic Reading (DR)
DEFINITION 34 An interactive picture book reading activity developed by Whitehurst and colleagues in the 1980's to be used primarily between parent and child dyads. TERM 35
Electronic Talking Books (ETB)
DEFINITION 35 Texts on CD-rom or available over the internet featuring not only the written word but also hypertext options for narration, animations, music, or video (i.e. eBooks)
