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Eukaryotic, Multicellular, lack cell walls
Animals are ____________, ____________, and _______________. TERM 2
Ingestion
DEFINITION 2 Animals use ____________, the eating of food. TERM 3
Fungi
DEFINITION 3 _____________ absorb nutrients after digesting foods outside of their body. TERM 4
Diploid/Reduce
DEFINITION 4 Most adult animals are _______ and ___________ reproduce sexually. TERM 5
Meiosis/Haploid/Zygote
DEFINITION 5 The eggs and sperm are produced by _________. are only the ________ cells, and fuse during fertilization to form a ________.
Blastula
The zygote divided by a mitosis to form a hollow ball of cells called a __________. TERM 7
Gastrula
DEFINITION 7 One side of the blastula folds in and the cells become rearranged to form a _________ that establishes 3 embryonic layers. TERM 8
Endoderm
DEFINITION 8 ___________ forms a lining of the future digestive tract. TERM 9
Ectoderm
DEFINITION 9 _______ forms an outer layer that will give rise to the skin and nervous system. TERM 10
Mesoderm
DEFINITION 10 _______ forms a middle layer that will give rise to muscles and most internal organs.
Tissues
____________ are collections of specialized cells that perform special functions. TERM 17
Sponges
DEFINITION 17 _________ are the only animals that lack true tissues. TERM 18
Body Cavity
DEFINITION 18 Animals with 3 embryonic layers may have a _________, a fluid-filled space between the digestive tract and outer body wall that: - cushions internal organs- enables them to grow and move independently of the body wall- In soft-bodied animals, fluid in the body cavity forms a hydrostatic skeleton. TERM 19
rue coelem/pseudoelem
DEFINITION 19
- A ____________ is completely lined by tissues derived from mesoderm- A ___________ is a body cavity that is not completely lined by tissues derived from mesoderm TERM 20
Protostomes/Deuterostomes
DEFINITION 20 Animals with 3 tissue layers can be separated into 2 groups based on details of their embryonic development. For example, the opening formed during gastrulation develops into the mouth for ________ and anus in ___________.
Sponges
(Phylum Porifera) are simply, sedentary (sessile) animals without true tissues. TERM 22
Choanocytes
DEFINITION 22 The inner layer of flagellated ___________ filters food and engulfs is by phagocytosis. TERM 23
Amoebocytes
DEFINITION 23 ___________ wander through the middle body regon and produce skeletal fibers composed of: flexible protein and mineralized particles called spicules. TERM 24
Suspension
DEFINITION 24 Sponges are _______________ feeders, filtering food particles from water passed through food-trapping equipment. TERM 25
Sessile
DEFINITION 25 Adult sponges are ________ and cannot escape from predators. They deter pathogens, parasites, and predators by producing: defensive toxins and antibiotics.
Flatworms
_____________ live in marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial habitats. Some are parasitic and others are free living. TERM 32
Free living, Flukes, and Tapeworms
DEFINITION 32 What are the three types of flatworms? TERM 33
Free-Living
flatworms
DEFINITION 33 ____________(planarians) have- heads with light sensitive eyespots- flaps to detect chemicals- dense clusters of nerve cells that form a simply brain and a pair of nerve vords that runs the length of the body- a branched gastrovascular cavity with a single opening TERM 34
Flukes
DEFINITION 34 ____________ are parasitic flatworms with complex life cycles and suckers to attach to their hosts. TERM 35
Tapeworms
DEFINITION 35
- are parasitic- inhabit the digestive tract of vertebrates- consist of a ribbonlike body with repeated units- have a anterior scolex armed with hooks and suckers that grasp the host- have no mouth, and simply absorb nutrients across their body surface- the units at the posterior end of tapeworms are full of ______ that pass out of the host's body
Nematodes
_____________ or roundworms (phylum Nematoda) are abundant and diverse with an estimated 500,000 species. TERM 37
Nematodes
DEFINITION 37 _____________ gave:- bilateral symmetry- three tissue layers- a nonliving cuticle covering the body that prevents them from drying out- a pseudocoelom body cavity that functions to distribute nutrients and as a hydroskeleton - a complete digestive tract with a mouth and anus TERM 38
Molluscs
DEFINITION 38 ___________ (phylum Mollusca) have- a muscular foot that functions in locomotion- a visceral mass containing most of the internal organs- a mantle , which may secrete a shell that encloses the visceral mass- a true coelom and a circulatory system that pumps blood throughout the body- feed with rasping radula (used to scrape up food)- larva called trochopore TERM 39
Gastropods
DEFINITION 39 _____________ are the largest group of molluscs and include snails and slugs. TERM 40
Gastropods
DEFINITION 40 _____________ are:- found in fresh water, salt water, and terrestrial environments- the only molluscs that live on land, using the mantle cavity as a lung - often protected by a single, spiral shell- slugs have lost their mantle and shell have long colorful projections that function as gills
Earthworms
______________ ingest soil and extract nutrients aerating soil and improving it's texture TERM 47
Polychaetes
DEFINITION 47 ______________ are the largest group of annelids. TERM 48
Leeches
DEFINITION 48 Most _____________ are free living carnivores, but some suck blood. TERM 49
Arthropods
DEFINITION 49 _____________ have:- an open circulatory system- an exoskeleton, an external that protects the animal but must be shed in the process of molting to permit growth- the body of most arthropods includes (head, throrax, and abdomen) TERM 50
Chelicerates, Millipedes and Centipedes,
Crustaceans, Insects
DEFINITION 50 What are the four major lineages of living arthropods?
insects
70% of all identified animal species are ___________. TERM 52
Insects
DEFINITION 52 The extraordinary success of ___________ is due to- body segmentation- exoskeleton- jointed appendages- flight- waterproof cuticle- complex life cycle with short generations and large numbers of offspring TERM 53
Echinoderms
DEFINITION 53 ____________________ (phylum Echinodermata) are a disverse group including:- starfish, sand dollars, and sea urchins- slow moving/sessile- all marine- radially symmetrical- deuterostomes TERM 54
Endoskeleton
DEFINITION 54 Echinoderms have an _______________ of hard calcareous plates under a thin skin TERM 55
Water Vascular System
DEFINITION 55 a __________________ based on a network of water-filled canals that branch into extensions called tube feet
Vertabrates
Lampreys are ________ but hagfishes are not ___________. TERM 62
Larval Lampreys
DEFINITION 62 ______________ resemble lancelets and are suspension feeders that live in freshwater streams, where they feed, buried in sediment. TERM 63
Jawed Vertabrates
DEFINITION 63 ________________ appeared in the fossil record about 470 million years ago and quickly diversified using their paired fins and tail to chase a wide variety of prey. TERM 64
Anterior Pharyngeal (gill slits)
DEFINITION 64 Jaws may have evolved by the modifications of skeletal supports of the _________________. TERM 65
Chondrichthyans, Ray-finned fishes, Lobe-
finned fishes
DEFINITION 65 Three lineages of jawed fishes with gills and paired fins are commonly called fishes: 1) ___________ "cartilage fish"- sharks & rays 2) ____________- tuna, trout, goldfish 3) _____________coelacanth, lungfishes, tetrapods
Chondrichthyans
_________________ have a flexible skeleton made of cartilage, electrosensors on their heads, and a lateral line system that helps them locate prey. TERM 67
Operculum
DEFINITION 67 On each side of a ray-banned fish, a protective flap called an ___________ covers a chamber housing the girls. TERM 68
Swim Bladder
DEFINITION 68 Ray-finned fishes also have a lung derivative that helps keep them bouyant- the _______, a gas-filled sac. TERM 69
Ray-finned fishes
DEFINITION 69 With more than 27,000 species, ____________are the greatest number of species of any vertebrate group. TERM 70
Coelacanths, lungfishes, tetrapods
DEFINITION 70 Three lineages of lobe-fins survive:
