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Definitions of key terms related to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, neuron, cell body, fibers, axons, dendrites, myelin sheath, interneuron, resting potential, action potential, synapse, and spinal nerves.
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The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system that coordinates the activity of all parts of the bodies of bilaterian animals-that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and radially symmetric animals such as jellyfish. TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) resides or extends outside the central nervous system (CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord. TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 A neuron ( , also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information by electrochemical signaling, via connections with other cells called synapses. TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 The soma (pl. TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 Fiber, also spelled fibre, is a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to lengths of thread.
An axon or nerve fiber is a long, slender projection TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 Dendrites (from Greek dndron, -tree-) are the branched projections of a neuron that act to conduct the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project. TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 Myelin is a dielectric (electrically insulating) material that forms a layer, the myelin sheath, usually around only the axon of a neuron. TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 An interneuron (also called relay neuron, association neuron or local circuit neuron) is a multipolar neuron which connects afferent neurons and efferent neurons in neural pathways. TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 Relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomenona called action potential and graded membrane potential.