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Various types of downslope winds, including Foehn, Chinook, Santa Ana, and Katabatic winds. It explains their occurrence, dynamics, and associated phenomena such as lee waves, hydraulic jumps, and lenticular clouds. The document also covers the factors determining the temperature of downslope winds and the impact of these winds on weather conditions.
Typology: Lecture notes
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Dynamics of downslope winds
Windward side – upwind side of a mountain range Leeward (or lee) side – downwind side of a mountain range As air encounters a mountain range it must rise on the windward side and then descend on the leeward side. Lee waves – a series of waves in the flow downstream from a mountain What type of clouds form in lee waves?
lens shaped clouds
strong winds upstream of the jump to weaker winds downstream of the jump.
hydraulic jump, creating dangerous conditions for aircraft. Hydraulic Jump — Where the flow abruptly rises and becomes turbulent as it adjusts within the deeper layer over the plains downstream of the mountain
clouds Waves break similar to those in the ocean
Contents/Experiments/channel.htm
side of a mountain range resulting in ________ skies. A. Rise, mostly sunny B. rise, mostly cloudy C. Sink, mostly sunny D. sink, mostly cloudy
mountain range if the winds are _________ upstream of the mountain and an inversion layer is present _________ the top of the mountains. A. weak, above B. strong, above C. weak, below D. strong, below
Cold vs Warm downslope winds
in downslope winds “Chinook wall”
3 weather features for a Chinook
(inversion just above mountaintop level)
the mountain Lee trough – an area of low pressure on the lee side of the mountains
and westerly How does the sea-level pressure change from west to east across Colorado? How do the temperatures along the Front Range compare to those further east? Inversions ~600 mb Mountaintop ~700 mb
Santa Ana winds – the name given to downslope windstorms in Southern California Santa Ana winds are easterly winds that blow from the desert of the Great Basin across the San Bernadino and San Gabriel Mountains and into Southern California. What weather conditions are required for Santa Ana winds to form?
downslope wind that is the result of cold air flowing downslope under the force of gravity As opposed to Chinook and Santa Ana winds that are driven by strong pressure gradient forces They occur in cold, high elevation regions of the world with vast ice sheets (Antarctica, Greenland coast) Severe winds result (>100 kts)
A. Foehn B. Chinook C. Katabatic D. Santa Ana