Download Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Gene Expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. The process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins. TERM 2
Alkaptonuria
DEFINITION 2 Alkaptonuria (black urine disease or alcaptonuria) is a rare inherited genetic disorder of phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism. Urine darkens upon exposure to the air TERM 3
Transcription
DEFINITION 3 synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA TERM 4
mRNA
DEFINITION 4 Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a molecule of RNA encoding a chemical "blueprint" for a protein product. It carries a genetic message from the DNA to the protein synthesizing machinery of the cell TERM 5
Translation
DEFINITION 5 the synthesis of a polypeptide, occurs under the direction of mRNA
Ribosomes
complex particles that facilitate the orderly linking of amino acids into polypeptide chains. TERM 7
What organisms do transcription and
translation occur in?
DEFINITION 7 Transcription and translation occur in all organisms TERM 8
What is the difference of transcription and
translation in bacteria and eukaryotes?
DEFINITION 8 Bacteria do not have nuclei, their DNA is not segregated from ribosomes and the other protein-synthesizing equipment. This lack of segregation allows translation of an mRNA to begin while its transcription is still in progress In a Eukaryotic cell the nuclear envelope seperates transcription from translation in space and time. Transcription occurs on the nucleus, and mRNA is transported in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs TERM 9
Primary Transcript
DEFINITION 9 the initial RNA transcript from any gene, including those coding for RNA that is not translated into protein TERM 10
Triplet Code
DEFINITION 10 the genetic instructions for a polypeptide chain are written in in the DNA as a series of nonoverlapping, three nucleotide words
RNA polymerase
Pries the two strands of DNA apart and joins the RNA nucleotides as they base pair along the DNA template TERM 17
Do RNA polymerases need a primer?
DEFINITION 17 No TERM 18
Promotor
DEFINITION 18 the DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches and intiates transcription TERM 19
Terminator
DEFINITION 19 signals the end of transcription TERM 20
Transcription Unit
DEFINITION 20 The stretch of DNA that is transcribed into an RNA molecules is called a transcription unit.
What is the RNA polymerase used for mRNA
synthesis?
RNA polymerase II TERM 22
What are the three stages of transcription?
DEFINITION 22 Intiation, Elongation, and Termination. TERM 23
Transcription Factors
DEFINITION 23 Mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription. TERM 24
Transcription Initiation
Complex
DEFINITION 24 the whole complex of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II bound to the promotor. TERM 25
TATA Box
DEFINITION 25 The TATA box is a DNA sequence found in the promoter region of genes in archaea and eukaryotes ; approximately 24% of human genes contain a TATA box within the core promoter.
RNA splicing
splicing is a modification of an RNA after transcription, in which introns are removed and exons are joined. TERM 32
Introns
DEFINITION 32 An intron is a DNA region within a gene that is not translated into protein. TERM 33
Exon
DEFINITION 33 A DNA region within a gene that is expressed TERM 34
Spliceosome
DEFINITION 34 several different snRNPS join with additional proteins to form an even larger assembly. This is almost as big as a ribosome. TERM 35
Ribozymes
DEFINITION 35 RNA molecules that function as enzymes
What could be the biological functions of
introns and RNA splicing?
some introns regulate gene activity. The splicing itself is necessary for the passage of the mRNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 Definition
