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Download Chapter 15 Definitions | AHC 115 - Medical Terminology and more Quizzes Medical Sciences in PDF only on Docsity!
ossification (bone formation)
the gradual replacement of cartilage and its intercellular
substance by immature bone cells and calcium deposits.
TERM 2
osteoblasts
DEFINITION 2
immature osteocytes that produce the bony tissue that
replaces cartilage during ossification.
TERM 3
osteoclasts
DEFINITION 3
large cells that function to reabsorb, or digest, bony tissue.
TERM 4
long bones
DEFINITION 4
found in the thigh, lower leg, and upper and lower arm.
TERM 5
diaphysis
DEFINITION 5
the shaft, or middle region, of a long bone.
epiphysis
each end of a long bone.
TERM 7
periosteum
DEFINITION 7
strong, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the surface of
long bones, except at the ends of the epiphyses.
TERM 8
sutures
DEFINITION 8
joints where cranial bones join each other.
TERM 9
vertebral (spinal column)
DEFINITION 9
composed of 26 bone segments called vertebrae.
TERM 10
cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7)
DEFINITION 10
first seven bones of the vertebral column, forming the bony
aspect of the neck.
lamin/o
lamina (part of the vertebral arch).
TERM 17
laminectomy
DEFINITION 17
removal of the lamina.
TERM 18
scoli/o
DEFINITION 18
crooked, bent (lateral curvature).
TERM 19
scoliosis
DEFINITION 19
abnormal condition of a lateral curvature of the spine.
TERM 20
-malacia
DEFINITION 20
softening.
osteomalacia
softening of the bone. a conditon in which vitamin D defiency
leads to decalcification of bones.
TERM 22
-tome
DEFINITION 22
instrument to cut.
TERM 23
osteotome
DEFINITION 23
instrument to cut bone.
TERM 24
fracture
DEFINITION 24
traumatic breaking of a bone.
TERM 25
closed fracture
DEFINITION 25
the bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin.
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of
bone. The condition commonly occurs in older women as a
consequence of estrogen deficiency with menopause. Lack of
estrogen promotes excessive bone resorption (osteoclast
activity) and less bone depostion.
TERM 32
joint (articulation)
DEFINITION 32
coming together of two or more bone.
TERM 33
synovial joints
DEFINITION 33
freely movable joints.
TERM 34
synovial fluid
DEFINITION 34
contains water and nutrients that nourish as well as lubricate
the joints so that friction on the articular cartilage is minimal.
TERM 35
bursae (singular: bursa)
DEFINITION 35
closed sacs of synovial fluid lined with a synovial membrane
and are located near but not within a joint.
tendons
bursae are foundbetween this connective tissue
thatconnectsa muscle to bone.
TERM 37
ligaments
DEFINITION 37
bursae is found between this connective tissue binding bone
to bone.
TERM 38
ankyl/o
DEFINITION 38
stiff.
TERM 39
ankylosis
DEFINITION 39
abnormal conditon of a stiff joint.
TERM 40
arthr/o
DEFINITION 40
joint.
rheumat/o
watery flow.
TERM 47
rheumatologist
DEFINITION 47
specialist that treats people with fluid in joint spaces.
TERM 48
ten/o
DEFINITION 48
tendon.
TERM 49
tenorrhaphy
DEFINITION 49
suture of the tendon.
TERM 50
osteoarthritis (OA)
DEFINITION 50
progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular
cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes,
or bone spurs) at articular surfaces.
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by
an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the
synovial membrane. Treatment consists of heat applications
and drugs such as aspirin and other NSAIDs and
corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and pain.
TERM 52
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
DEFINITION 52
compression of the median nerve as it passes between the
ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist. The
compression results from swelling and/or inflammation of the
flexor tendons. Treatment consists of splinting the wrist
during sleep to immobilize it, use of anti-inflammatory
medications, and injection of cortisone into it.
TERM 53
striated muscle (voluntary or skeletal
muscles)
DEFINITION 53
move all bones, as well as control facial expression and eye
movements. Pg. 611.
TERM 54
smooth muscle (involuntary or visceral
muscles)
DEFINITION 54
move internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood
vessels, and secretory ducts leading from glands.
TERM 55
cardiac muscle
DEFINITION 55
it is striated in appearance but is like smooth muscle in its
action. its movement cannot be consciously controlled. found
in the heart.
myasthenia gravis
a great lack of muscle strength.
TERM 62
-trophy
DEFINITION 62
development, nourishment.
TERM 63
atrophy
DEFINITION 63
decrease, shrinking of muscle.
TERM 64
hypertrophy
DEFINITION 64
increase in size of muscle.
TERM 65
amyotrophic
DEFINITION 65
pertaining to without muscle development.
ab-
away from.
TERM 67
abduction
DEFINITION 67
process of carring a limb away from the body.
TERM 68
ad-
DEFINITION 68
toward.
TERM 69
adduction
DEFINITION 69
process of carring a limb to the body.
TERM 70
muscular dystrophy
DEFINITION 70
group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive
weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without
involvement of the nervous system.
