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Mid-Latitude Cyclones: Life Cycle and Formation Mechanisms, Schemes and Mind Maps of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences

An overview of mid-latitude cyclones, their life cycle, and the role of vorticity, upper air motions, divergence, and convergence in their formation. It covers the concepts of polar front, cyclogenesis, cyclone maturation, occlusion, and the impact of zonal and meridional flows on mid-latitude cyclones.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

jugnu900
jugnu900 🇺🇸

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ATMO 1300
Chapter 10 – Mid-Latitude Cyclones
Understanding Weather and Climate
Aguado and Burt
ATMO 1300
Mid Latitude Cyclone Life Cycle
Polar front separates
cold easterlies and
westerlies.
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ATMO 1300

Chapter 10 – Mid-Latitude Cyclones

Understanding Weather and Climate

Aguado and Burt

ATMO 1300

Mid Latitude Cyclone Life Cycle

  • Polar front separates cold easterlies and westerlies.

ATMO 1300

Mid Latitude Cyclone Life Cycle

  • A kink forms on the front and cold air starts to move southward. Warm air starts to move northward.
  • Cyclogenesis occurs

ATMO 1300

Mid Latitude Cyclone Life Cycle

  • Cold air continues to move south, and warm air north. Fronts develop and low pressure develops in the center.

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Precipitation Patterns

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Vorticity

  • Vorticity - the turning of an object usually

with respect to the vertical direction.

  • Relative Vorticity – vorticity relative to the

Earths surface

  • Speed Shear
  • Curvature
  • Earth vorticity – Vorticity due to the Earth’s

daily rotation about its axis.

ATMO 1300

Vorticity

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Vorticity

  • Clockwise rotation yields negative vorticity
  • Counterclockwise rotation yields positive

vorticity

  • Related to convergence and divergence!

ATMO 1300

Divergence and Convergence

  • Divergence aloft, caused by decreasing

vorticity, draws air upward, providing a

lifting mechanism that can initiate or help

maintain surface low pressure.

  • Convergence aloft, caused by increasing

vorticity, promotes sinking air, and surface

high pressure.

ATMO 1300

Divergence and Convergence

  • Speed Divergence and Convergence

ATMO 1300

Divergence

and

Convergence

  • Diffluence and Confluence

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Linking Upper Levels to the Surface

ATMO 1300

Mid-Latitude Cyclone

ATMO 1300

Mid-Latitude Cyclone

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Mid-Latitude Cyclone

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Large-Scale Flow Patterns

  • Zonal flow – upper level winds moving

mainly west to east.

  • No vorticity
  • No divergence or convergence
  • Meridional flow – upper level winds

moving north and south

  • Provide for vorticity
  • Provide for convergence and divergence

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Baroclinic Conditions

  • Cold Air Advection Warm Air Advection

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The Result of Temperature Advection