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CHAPTER 1 : VEHICLE OPERATIONS SOCE
PREP EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST 2025 ALREADY
GRADED A+
Driving in __________ does not require shuffle steering. - ANSWERS-reverse
It is imperative to use the shuffle steering technique because it helps maintain __________ of the steering wheel, especially when the caster effect occurs. - ANSWERS-control
The forward motion that causes a vehicle to straighten from a turn when releasing the steering wheel. - ANSWERS-Caster Effect
Looking in the desired direction of travel to avoid an obstacle and steering in that direction. (aka optical driving) - ANSWERS-Eye-targeting
Before using a vehicle, its body must be inspected to identify and damage. An officer should conduct a quick visual examination of the body and undercarriage and look for the following: (10 things) - ANSWERS-1. scratched paint (object contact/intentional damage?) 2. dents 3. missing/broken light covers 4. damaged emergency equipment (lights/sirens) 5. broken/cracked glass 6. broken/cracked mirrors 7. dirty windshield 8/9. foreign objects (natural/unnatural) under the vehicle 10. visible fluid leaks
Used to measure tire pressure (pounds per square inch) - ANSWERS-PSI
Fluid levels that should be checked: (6) - ANSWERS-1. Brake fluid 2. coolant reservoir 3. windshield washer 4. oil 5. power steering 6. transmission
Belts should be checked for... (4 things) - ANSWERS-fraying; cuts; cracks; and gouges
Hoses should be checked for... (5 things) - ANSWERS-dry rot; cracking; holes; bulges; and leaks
Inspection includes checking...(5 things). The vehicles ________________ and ______________ must also be inspected. - ANSWERS-1. fluid levels 2. electrical wiring 3. belts 4. hoses 5. tires
interior and exterior
It is essential to inspect a vehicle before taking _____________ of it and _______________ it on the road. - ANSWERS-control
- Adjust speed, position, direction, and attention to be able to maneuver safely if a hazard develops.
- Scan far enough ahead to be able to react safely to approaching situations.
- Scan frequently to the side and rear for passing or approaching vehicles.
- Scan thoroughly before changing speed or direction. - ANSWERS-Tips officers should follow to prevent accidents:
_______________ supplies approximately 90-95% of incoming data to a driver. - ANSWERS-Vision
Vision gives valuable information needed to ____________ and ____________ hazards. - ANSWERS-Detect
Avoid
Several components of vision may affect the ability the ability to operate and control a vehicle: (5 things) - ANSWERS-Acuity, Depth Perception, Peripheral Vision, Color Vision, Night Vision
Sharpness of vision - ANSWERS-Acuity
Ability to judge distance and perceive space to determine how far away an object is - ANSWERS-Depth Perception
Ability to see above, below, and to the sides (A person who is in a stationary vehicle and who has good peripheral vision can see about 180 degrees from side to side) - ANSWERS-Peripheral Vision
Ability to distinguish colors - ANSWERS-Color Vision
Ability to see clearly in darkness - ANSWERS-Night Vision
Factors that affect vision (4 things) - ANSWERS-environmental conditions; physical conditions; alertness; and aging
Describe some frequently encountered road hazards (8) - ANSWERS-pedestrians; bicyclists/motorcyclists; skateboarders; animals; improperly parked vehicles; roadway obstructions; surface anomalies; and damage/change to road surfaces.
Lets officers locate the source of sounds that may indicate a problem with a vehicle, a suspicious incident, or a crime. - ANSWERS-Hearing
windows being open/closed; surrounding buildings; etc. - ANSWERS-Factors that can make the source of a sound difficult to find
An officer could drive with the driver's side window down so he/she can ___________ and _________ hazardous situations better. - ANSWERS-hear and see
Potholes, sinkholes, curbs, ad railroad tracks are... - ANSWERS-damaged or altered surfaces
When an officer cannot avoid striking or driving over obstacles, the officer should... - ANSWERS-strike it at a slight angle (when possible) with free rolling tires.
If two or more vehicle tires roll from a paved surface onto an unpaved surface, what should the officer do and not do? - ANSWERS-Don't Do: attempt to return to the paved surface by abruptly turning the steering wheel
Do: decelerate and steer as straight as distance allows. After reducing speed, the officer can firmly grip the wheel and steer smoothly and steadily back onto the roadway.
A nonporous supportive surface is... - ANSWERS-Concrete
a porous distributive surface is... - ANSWERS-asphalt
__________ can cause a vehicle to lose traction and skid out of control. - ANSWERS-rain
If possible, officers should avoid driving through water if the tires will be immersed ___________ or more. - ANSWERS-halfway
Be especially careful at ________________, as they represent the single greatest threat to safe vehicle operation. - ANSWERS-Intersections
Side swipes, right-angle collisions at intersections, collisions with fixed objects, improper backing, head-on collisions, rear-end collisions - ANSWERS-Frequently occurring crashes
If an oncoming vehicle forces you off the road, you can reduce the chances of injury by attempting to select what to hit (list from least to most dangerous) ( things) - ANSWERS-- soft objects (bushes, small trees, fences, etc.)
- objects moving in same direction (including other cars)
- a fixed object (tree, sign, or parked car)
If you cannot avoid hitting a fixed object or an oncoming vehicle, you should hit the object with the _____________ of the vehicle rather than ________________. - ANSWERS-side
head-on
Establishes a minimum sage following distance for all vehicles and provides space and time for the driver to react to potential hazards. - ANSWERS-Two-second Rule
Establishes a minimum sage following distance for all vehicles and provides space and time for the driver to react to potential hazards under poor road conditions or in inclement weather. - ANSWERS-Four-second Rule
Occurs when turning. This shifts the vehicles weight from side to side. - ANSWERS-Roll
The transfer of a vehicle's weight causing an end-for-end motion resulting in the vehicle turning 180 degrees on a horizontal plane. - ANSWERS-Yaw
Vehicular _____________ affects the degree of pitch, roll, and yaw that a vehicle experiences. - ANSWERS-stability
The center of gravity on the most stable vehicle is ______________ and _____________. - ANSWERS-low and centered
Equipment and passenger loads affect __________ ______________ and could change a police vehicles's stability. - ANSWERS-weight transfer
Occurs when the vehicle's speed changes and influences the vehicle's handling ability. - ANSWERS-Weight transfer and distribution.
When a vehicle turns a corner, weight transfers toward the tires on the ______________ of the turn. - ANSWERS-outside
The _________ _________ wheel carries the most weight, while the ___________ wheel on the _________ of the turn carries less, followed by the __________ wheel on the __________ of the turn, and finally, the _________ wheel on the ___________ of the turn. - ANSWERS-front outside wheel
rear outside wheel
front inside wheel
rear inside wheel
You should not attempt to ________ and __________ at the same time. - ANSWERS-brake and steer
The officer should always ___________ before _____________ and then _____________ into the turn. - ANSWERS-brake before turning
steer
The distance from the center of a circle to the outside of the circle. - ANSWERS- Radius
A turn or curve is a portion of a... - ANSWERS-circle
A turn that gets wider during the turn much like a circle getting larger. - ANSWERS-Increasing Radius
A turn that gets tighter during the turn much like a circle getting smaller. - ANSWERS-Decreasing Radius
A turn that remains the same throughout, getting neither wider nor smaller. Ex: a 90-degree turn at an intersection - ANSWERS-Constant Radius
____________ apexing technique, in most cases, is the best cornering or turning method. - ANSWERS-late
The two general forces that act upon a vehicle as it runs a corner are... - ANSWERS-centripetal force and centrifugal force
(tire traction) The force that is necessary to keep a vehicle moving in a curved path and is directed inward toward the center of rotation. - ANSWERS-Centripetal Force
The force enacted on a vehicle moving in a curved path that acts outwardly away from the center of rotation. - ANSWERS-Centrifugal Force
Steering has a direct relationship on vehicle.... (3 things) The ___________ of a vehicle and the forcefulness of the _____________ influence these forces. - ANSWERS-dynamics; handling; and traction control
speed
steering
___________________________ and ______________________ describe certain vehicle movements resulting in a loss of traction by the front or rear tires. - ANSWERS-under steer and over steer
The tendency of a vehicle to turn less sharply than the driver intends. - ANSWERS- Under Steer
The cause of ___________ _____________ may be a combination of excessive speed, lack of traction on the steering tires, and improper braking in a turn or curve. - ANSWERS-under steering
The correction for _________ ____________ is to remove the foot from the accelerator, maintain steering input but do not apply brakes, and if necessary, steer the car to a sage place and stop. - ANSWERS-under steer
The tendency of a vehicle to steer into a sharper turn than the driver intends, sometimes with a loss of traction of the rear to the outside. - ANSWERS-Over Steer
__________ ___________ generally occurs at higher speeds when the rear tires lose traction and excessive braking occurs in a turn or curve. - ANSWERS-over steer
The correction for __________ ___________ is to remove the foot from the accelerator and/or brake, steer the car where desired (when the front tires have lost traction), refrain from applying the brakes and if necessary, steer the car to a safe place and stop. - ANSWERS-over steer
An occurrence that causes the rear wheels to follow a tighter path than the path the front wheel traveled in a turn. - ANSWERS-Wheel Tracking
The officer will feel the brake pedal __________, which is a normal condition indicating that the vehicle is in ABS mode. - ANSWERS-pulsing
Occurs just before the drive tires lose traction during acceleration. - ANSWERS- Incipient Spin
Proper acceleration is best done in a ___________, ____________ ________ using steady __________. - ANSWERS-smooth, straight line,
pressure
If the tires begin to spin, the officer should immediately... - ANSWERS-release the accelerator
Control of a vehicle depends on __________. - ANSWERS-traction
Traction is the result of the ___________ a vehicle's tires create on the road surface. - ANSWERS-friction
When the tires constantly rotate on the road surface without losing contact; the best type of traction - ANSWERS-Rolling Friction
Loss of traction is, therefore, the result of loss of ________________ ___________________, which causes loss of vehicle control as the tires skid or slide on the road surface. - ANSWERS-rolling friction
Results when the wheels lock and do not turn while the vehicle is moving. Both rolling friction and traction are lost. - ANSWERS-Skid
Weight transfer and centrifugal force, slamming on the brakes, and/or entering a turn too quickly and braking improperly to slow down can cause a... - ANSWERS- skid
Results from loss of both rolling friction and traction. The wheels still rotate, but they do not control the vehicle's movement. - ANSWERS-Slide
Happens when a driver over-accelerates, and the tires spin; the wheels are not locked, but the driver has lost traction. That is why the vehicle is not accelerating forward. - ANSWERS-Power slide
Accelerating too much on a turn or a slick surface causes... - ANSWERS-a power slide
Turning the vehicle's front tires in the desired direction to regain traction - ANSWERS-Counter Steering
____________ requires entering an intersection safely and properly at normal driving speeds and making a 90-degree turn to the right or left. - ANSWERS- cornering
At night, peripheral vision decreases. Less light narrows the: - ANSWERS-field of vision
At night, it is ease to lose many _________ _________ that are available during the day, which lowers the ability to judge distance and the speed of oncoming traffic. - ANSWERS-loss of visual cues.
__________ from oncoming vehicles or other outside sources can temporarily blind a driver. - ANSWERS-glare
When driving in emergency mode, __________ ___________ can increase the amount of glare encountered. The high intensity of the _________ __________ easily reflects off objects. - ANSWERS-emergency lights
The measurable changes to normal body functions - ANSWERS-physiological effects
Examples of _____________ ______________ are: tunnel vision, selective hearing, increased heart rate, time distortion, and loss of spatial awareness or fine motor skills. - ANSWERS-physiological effects
The goal of pursuit is to... - ANSWERS-apprehend a fleeing violator
An active attempt by an officer, driving an authorized emergency vehicle (with emergency equipment activated), to apprehend occupants of a moving vehicle if
the offender increases vehicle speed, takes other evasive actions, or refuses to stop in an apparent attempt to avoid apprehension. - ANSWERS-Pursuit
US Supreme Court stated that an officer or agency has no duty to guarantee a person's safety unless a special relationship exists between the police and that person. For pursuits this means, that an officer who begins a pursuit generally has no duty to continue it; he/she is unlikely to be liable if the violator continues to drive recklessly. - ANSWERS-DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services (1989)
Law enforcement has a duty to protect the public when choosing to continue a pursuit. Florida Supreme Court held that the police action in this case created a risk to the public that was foreseeable and preventable. The court did not prohibit police pursuits; it simply stated that any police decision to start or continue a pursuit is subject to court review under the doctrine of negligence, not just as a use of force under the 4th amendment. - ANSWERS-City of Pinellas Park v. Brown (Fla. 1990)
When merely pursuing, officers have no special relationship with the violator and assume no responsibility for the violator's injury or death. However, if the officers take affirmative steps to halt or force the fleeing individual to stop-- whether by roadblock or physical contact between vehicles-- the officers are responsible for the results. Their actions become a seizure under the 4th amendment. - ANSWERS-Brower v. Inyo County (1989)
A police officer in deciding to give chase must balance on one hand the need to stop a suspect and show that flight from the law is not way to freedom, and, on the other, the high-speed threat to everyone within stopping range, be they
