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OUTLINE
CHAPTER 1 – THE ANATOMY OF MEDICAL TERM
YOU ALREADY KNOW MANY MEDICAL TERMS WHETHER HAVING
HEARD THEM IN REFERENCE TO YOUR OWN HEALTH, IN THE MEDIA,
OR FROM YOUR STUDY OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY. MEDICAL
TERMINOLOGY IS COMPOSED OF GREEK AND LATIN WORD PARTS,
AND YOUR JOB IS TO LEARN THE ENGLISH MEANING OF THE WORD
PARTS.
You are already probably familiar with the following terms. We will break them into their word parts, define the word parts, then define the terms in class. BIOLOGY CARDIAC (arrest) CARDIOLOGIST DERMATOLOGIST DERMATITIS RHINOPLASTY GASTRIC (bypass) HEPATITIS TONSILLECTOMY GASTROENTERITIS IF YOU BREAK MEDICAL WORDS INTO THEIR VARIOUS COMPONENT PARTS, IT MAKES THEM EASIER TO UNDERSTAND. MEDICAL TERMS ARE MADE UP OF THE FOLLOWING 4 COMPONENT PARTS:
1. WORD ROOT – the foundation or basic meaning of the word. Almost all medical
terms have one or more word roots.
2. SUFFIX – the word ending
3. PREFIX – the word beginning
4. COMBINING FORM – combination of the word root with a combining vowel,
usually “o” added to make it easier to pronounce the term. Use a slash (/) to add the combining vowel to the word root. ----------( COMBINING FORM)---------- PREFIX – WORD ROOT – COMBINING VOWEL - SUFFIX
IMPORTANT RULES ABOUT MEDICAL TERMS:
1. TO UNDERSTAND MEDICAL TERMS, IT IS SUGGESTED THAT YOU READ
THE MEANING OF THE MEDICAL TERM FROM SUFFIX BACK
TO THE BEGINNING OF THE WORD AND THEN ACROSS. For
example, BIOLOGY defined is “the study of life.”
2. A COMBINING VOWEL IS USED WHEN THE SUFFIX BEGINS
WITH A CONSONANT. For example, RHINOPLASTY (surgical repair of
the nose) Break this medical term down into its parts:
3. DROP THE COMBINING VOWEL BEFORE A SUFFIX
STARTING WITH A VOWEL. For example, DERMATITIS
(Inflammation of the skin) Break this medical term down into its parts:
4. A COMBINING VOWEL IS USED WHEN TWO OR MORE
WORD ROOTS ARE JOINED. For example, GASTR/O/ENTERITIS
(inflammation of stomach and small intestine) Break this medical term down into its parts:
SUFFIXES
SUFFIXES USUALLY, BUT NOT ALWAYS INDICATE A
PROCEDURE, CONDITION, DISORDER, OR DISEASE. For example,
MYOPLASTY (surgical repair of a muscle) ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
(hardening of the arteries) Break these medical terms down into their word parts: The following are suffixes indicating a disease condition or PATHOLOGY. Can you break the terms into their word parts and define the medical terms?
PATHOLOGY = (study of disease) Break this medical term into its word parts:
PATH/O = LOGY=
ALGIA, DYNIA = pain For example, GASTRALGIA, GASTRODYNIA ITIS =inflammation of For example, HEPATITIS MALACIA = softening For example ARTERIOMALACIA MEGALY = enlargement For example, HEPATOMEGALY NECROSIS = tissue death For example, ARTERIONECROSIS SCLEROSIS = hardening For example, ADENOSCLEROSIS STENOSIS = narrowing For example, ARTERIOSTENOSIS OSIS = abnormal condition Suffixes related to procedures and sounding alike: CENTESIS = surgical puncture to remove fluid Example:AMNIOCENTESIS GRAPHY = process of producing a picture or record GRAM = picture or record For example, ANGIOGRAM SCOPY = visual examination SCOPE = instrument to examine For example, MICROSCOPE
- Appendectomy 8. Arteriosclerosis
- Neuritis 9. Myorrhaphy
- Gastralgia, 10. Hepatonecrosis
PREFIXES
PREFIXES, USUALLY, BUT NOT ALWAYS, DENOTE LOCATION, TIME, NUMBER OR STATUS. PREFIXES THAT ARE OPPOSITES: (See Table 1.6 & 1.7 on pgs 8-9 in Chapter 1) PRE/POST= For example, PRENATAL POSTNATAL AB/AD= For example, ABDUCTION ADDUCTION DYS/EU= For example, DYSPHORIA EUPHORIA HYPER/HYPO= For example, HYPERPLASIA HYPOPLASIA INTER/INTRA= For example, INTERSTITIAL INTRAMUSCULAR SUB/SUPRA, SUPER= For example, SUBCOSTAL SUPRACOSTAL SOME MEDICAL TERMS SOUND ALIKE, BUT HAVE DIFFERENT MEANINGS: MYC/O (fungus), MYEL/O (spinal cord/bone marrow), MY/O (muscle) ILIUM (bone of pelvis), ILEUM (3RD^ portion of small intestine) FISSURE (groove or crack-like sore) FISTULA (abnormal passage) ARTHR/O (joint), ATHER/O (fat), ARTERI/O (artery) ECTOMY (surgical removal) OTOMY (surgical incision) OSTOMY (create a surgical opening to the outside of the body) MEDICAL TERMS CAN BE MADE UP OF MORE THAN ONE COMBINING FORM. For Example: OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY (This word has 3 combining forms. What are they? OT/O = ear RHIN/O = nose LAYNG/O = larynx or throat Define this term: THERE ARE SPECIAL RULES ABOUT MAKING MANY MEDICAL TERMS INTO PLURALS. See Table 1.9 on pg 13. We will be learning these rules as we move along through the course. ABBREVIATIONS ARE A FORM OF SHORTHAND OFTEN USED IN WRITING MEDICAL TERMS. For example, PN = postnatal, IM = intramuscular, Dx = diagnosis , RBC = red blood cell ACRONYMS (formed by the initial letters of the major words in a complex term) ARE ALSO VERY COMMONLY USED IN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY. For example, “SITS” muscles represent the 4 rotator cuff muscles in the shoulder– Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis THE USE OF FLASHCARDS AND A MEDICAL DICTIONARY CAN BE VERY HELPFUL WHEN LEARNING MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY!!!
HOMEWORK: Complete assignments for Chapter 1. Complete on-line
activities and Chapter exercises for end of Chapter 1. Begin to make flashcards for studying the combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes on Quiz 1 Review Guide (found under Supplemental Materials for Unit 1. STUDY, STUDY. STUDY. WEBSITES FOR ONLINE MEDICAL DICTIONARIES. http://www.globalrph.com/medterm.htm http://www.medterms.com/script/main/hp.asp http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=
