Download Anatomy & Function of Periodontium: Gingiva, Ligament, Cementum, Alveolar Bone and more Quizzes Dental Radiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Periodontium &
meaning
Functional system of tissues that surrounds the teeth and attached them to the jawbone. around tooth TERM 2
Structures of Periodontium
DEFINITION 2 gingiva periodontal ligament root cementum alveolar bone TERM 3
Gingiva
DEFINITION 3 tissue that covers the cervical portion of the teeth and the alveolar processes of the jaw TERM 4
2 important functions of Gingiva
DEFINITION 4
- provides a tissue seal around the cervical portion (neck) of the tooth 2. Holds tissue against the tooth during mastication TERM 5
2 layers of
Gingiva
DEFINITION 5 outer layer= epithelium inner layer= connective tissue
4 anatomical areas of Gingiva
- Free gingiva 2. gingival sulcus 3. interdental gingiva 4. attached gingiva TERM 7
Function of Periodontal Ligament
DEFINITION 7 suspends and maintains the tooth in its socket TERM 8
Function of Cementum
DEFINITION 8 Anchors the ends of the PDL fibers to the tooth so that the tooth stays in its socket TERM 9
Function of Alveolar Bone
DEFINITION 9 protects the underlying dentin TERM 10
Coronal boundary
DEFINITION 10 gingival margin
Characteristics of Free
Gingiva
Fits closely around the tooth, but is not attached Tissue maybe stretched away from the tooth with a periodontal probe forms the soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus TERM 17
Contour of free gingiva
DEFINITION 17 the free gingiva meets the tooth in a thin rounded edge called the gingival margin the gingival margin follows the contours of the teeth, creating a scalloped outline around them TERM 18
Attached Gingiva
DEFINITION 18 part that is tightly connected to the cementum of the cervical third of the root and the periosteum of the alveolar bone TERM 19
Location of Attached Gingiva
DEFINITION 19 lies between free gingiva and alveolar mucosa TERM 20
Width of Attached Gingiva Widest and
narrowest area?
DEFINITION 20 Widest in incisors and molar regions narrowest in premolars not measured on palate (not possible to determine where palate beings) In health: pale or coral pink
Attached gingiva may be what in color?
pigmented ~dark-skinned individuals ~range light brown to black TERM 22
Texture of Attached Gingiva
DEFINITION 22 In health: stippling may or may not be present varies from individual to individual caused by presense of c.t. that attach the gingival tissue to the cementum or bone TERM 23
Functions of attached gingiva
DEFINITION 23 allows the gingival tissue to withstand the mechanical forces created during mastication, speaking and toothbrushing prevents the free gingiva from being pulled away from the tooth when tension is applied to the alveolar mucosa TERM 24
Interdental Gingiva
DEFINITION 24 protion of the gingiva that fills the area between the two adjacent teeth apical to (beneath) contact area TERM 25
Parts of Interdental Gingiva
DEFINITION 25 -Consists of two interdental papillae, one facial and one lingual -Lateral borders and tip of papilla are formed by free gingiva -Center portion is formed by attached gingiva -Col
Periodontal Ligament
layer of soft c.t. that covers the root of the tooth and attaches it to the bone (PDL) Attach on one side the root cementum and other side to the alveolar bone of the tooth surface TERM 32
PDL is mainly composed
of
DEFINITION 32 fiber bundles TERM 33
Supportive function of PDL
DEFINITION 33 suspends and maintains tooth in its socket TERM 34
Sensory function of PDL
DEFINITION 34 provides sensory feeling, such as pain and pressure TERM 35
Nutritive function of PDL
DEFINITION 35 provides nutrients to bone and cementum
Formative function of PDL
builds and maintain cementum and alveolar bone TERM 37
Resorptive function of PDL
DEFINITION 37 Can remodel the alveolar bone in response to pressure, ie Ortho treatment TERM 38
Root Cementum
DEFINITION 38 thin layer of hard, mineralized tissue covers anatomical root TERM 39
Characteristics of Root Cementum
DEFINITION 39 -light yellow - overlies and is attached to dentin -bonelike and resorbs more readily than bone -*does not have its own blood or nutrient supply (receives from PDL) - has no nerves and is insensitive to pain TERM 40
Functions of Root Cementum
DEFINITION 40 -conservation of cementum is a goal of instrumentation - anchors ends of PDL (without cementum, tooth would fall out of socket) -protects and seals dentinal tubules -formation compensates for tooth wear at the occlusal or incisal surface due to attrition; formed at apical end
What is the Alveolar Bone called
Radiographically
Laminia Dura TERM 47
Alveolus
DEFINITION 47 bony socket that houses the root of the tooth TERM 48
Alveolar bone proper contains what?
DEFINITION 48 numerous holes (bundle bone) that allow blood vessels from cancellous bone to connect with the vessels of the PDL Ends of PDL in alveolar bone proper TERM 49
Cortical (compact) bone
DEFINITION 49 forms hard outside wall of the mandible and maxillary on facial and lingual aspects (thinnest in anterior region, thicker in molar) TERM 50
What is only seen radiographically with
Alveolar Bone?
DEFINITION 50 Alveolar bone proper and cancellous bone
Alveolar Crest
most coronal portion of alveolar process Health: 1-2mm apical to CEJ Viewed from facial- crest meets teeth in scalloped line that follows contours of CEJ TERM 52
Cancellous bone
DEFINITION 52 trabecular, spongy lattice-like bone that fills interior portion of alveolar process forms support for the alveolar bone TERM 53
Periosteum
DEFINITION 53 layer of CT covering the outer surface of bone -outer: collagenous tissue -inner: fine elastic fibers TERM 54
Alveolar Bone Defects
DEFINITION 54 Fenestration Dehiscence TERM 55
Fenestration
DEFINITION 55 window-like defect in the cortical bone resulting in an isolated area of the root that is not covered by bone
