Chapter 1 : Demystifying Psychotherapy Exams Prep 2025 Guide, Exams of Psychotherapy

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Chapter 1 : Demystifying Psychotherapy Exams Prep 2025 Guide

tial bonds | ANS=before : were reinforced al and emotional means of comforting, soothing and relating. Verbal communication, s through physic Interaction, acknowledgment, validation © ANS=Humans are social cings who need , and from others to confirm or refute our experiences with each other and the contexts in which we live. What do we learn from social groups - ANS=1.) What is expected 2.) What pathological response is 3.) Tlow we should react, retreat and retaliate in response to different situations Purpose of social groups = ANS=Develop means to prepare, held and care for individuals in times of distress and achievement, as this ensure the survival of the group, What threatens the integrity of the group? — ANS-D function or impairment Religion and Spiritual activity ANS=Assumed as a less pivotal position compared to science and scientific research. Science and Scientific research = ANS=Cained ever increasing ratification in macro— and micro— soc tems. Scientific paradigms = ANS=Proponents of these new methods of talk therapy first allempted Lo associate lalk therapy with the emerging of rational thought and practice. Cyberpsychotherapy P ANSE ikcly to develop with the ine ibility to eybernetworks where people can inleract. Call for the learning of a range of skills that need to be practiced regularly over a period of time = ANS=1.) Competence 2.) Proficiency chotherapy needs to ¢ an unusual Jofferey Zcig in an interview said — ANS-P conversation, Presumably, something being presented in an unfamiliar ways prompts clients Lo pay altention and engage consciously in an e!fort lo understand whal is going on, Cognitive behavioral approaches to Psychotherapy — ANS-1.) behavioral therapy 2.) rational emotive therapy 3.) cognitive behavioral therapy 4.) multimodal therapy behavioral therapy = ANS=Tdentification of precise situations associated with problem behaviors and teaching coping: systemic desensitization; response prevention, Rational Emotive Therapy — ANS-. assumption that pcople are not affected y the daily events in their lives but by the stive-directive, here and now approach; talk therapy preferences | ANS= Individual therapists may have multiple for certain modalities used based on their training, their environment in which they practice, the client populations they service, their experiences, confidence and personal alignment, Duty of a psychotherapist FP ANS=Acting as a witness to the cares and concerns of another by validating their experience through acknowledging, normalizing, and universalizing their experiences, reactions, and ideas to life events, Psychotherapists aim F ANS=To preserve or restore the clients dignity and humanize experiences y creating a safe context in which the client can recover, rediscover or reconfigure himself or herself. Psychotherapists responsibility S ANS=be fully present and convey a non— judgmental stance along with humanity, genuineness, respect and unconditional positive regard. beginner therapist FP ANS=ollen challenged by what level lo pitch therapeutic intervention, Consequence of Premature Termination — ANS-A miscalculation as to the level of intensily of inlervention that the client is ready for al a particular point can resull in premature termination of the relationship by the client and may leave the therapist confused as to the reasons. Reasons why a client may quil therapy loo early in the proces: = ANS=1.) Peeling overwhelmed by the content under discussion 2.) Premature attempts by the therapists to engage in insight—oriented techniques 3.) being presented with homework that is too complex or too carly 4.) being expected to process material that he/she is not prepared for, or is beyond his/her cognitive ability due to intellectual impairment, emotional trauma, or pathology. Psychotherapy — ANS-A change-oriented process that occurs in the context of a contractual empowering and empathetic relationship. Idiosyneratic and determined by the inleraction of clienls and therapists’ preconceived positions, Tts about radical, far-fetching personality change. physical. mental impairment = ANS=Clients are often dealing with a or which, even if transient, can severely impact on their ability to relate in the clinical context. Finding a workable middle ground - ANS-A major goal of assessment between client and therapist where the therapist is able to apply skills and knowledge in a way that is meaningful and beneficial to the client. Patterns of behavior and thought FP ANS=Rstablished very early in life and are strongly influenced by parenting and the sociocultural enyironment, and modulated by biological and psychological factors. Explanations Therapists should be cautious to avoid making Lhese loo long, E I complex or contain too much jargon, Repetition mportant in therapeutic relationships because the client is unlikely Pi to hear new information that is from an unfamiliar environment. Counscllors role FP ANS=To facilitate the client's work in ways which respect the client's values, personal resources. and capacity for choice within their cultural CONTERT. Gladding's definition of Counselling FP ANS@bcing focused on applying mental health, behavioral, or human development principles that address wellness, personal growth, or carcer deyclopment as well as pathology, While counselling skills can c used in everyday practice. they ideally should ¢ used with a specific intention in mind in an effort to... S ANS=Enhance the primary role of the user = ANS-How the client's stories, thinking style, relational style and ideas in therapy reflect patterns, lrends and clues for how and why events have unlolded in Process the persons life. Content = ANS=What the person rings to therapy— the actual stories, events and situations. which lhen illustrate the pallerns suggestive ol proce Therapeutic intervention = ANS=Determining and attaining the client's goals, not what the therapist envisions, Can stop al any slage, depending on whal is required at the time. Therapeutic Continuum = ANS=1.) Catharsis 2.) Psychoeducation 3.) Supportive education 4.) Insight—oriented therapy 5.) Self-actualization therapy Not necessarily a natural nor sequential progression from one stage to the next. Clients may not experience all stages of therapy. Catharsi = ANS=The most but form of intervention. Required that the therapist listens. is present and bears witness lo what the client needs to talk about. Not restricted to the first stage of therapy, it can occur throughout the process. Setting the lone for a therapeutic relationship | ANS=The therapist applies bas counselling skills to enhance active listening, Reasons why the clients may default and not return to follow up counselling sessions - ANS=1.) The client does nol realize that the reliefis only temporary and the symptoms will resurface in time if they're not addressed properly 2.) The client is not properly address more deep-seated issues due to fear, apprehension. apathy, or being passive—aggressive alter having being compelled to attend. 3.) The client may not be able to attend further sessions for practical reasons such as lack of funds, lack of transport, inaccessibility of services or conflicts with other obligations. Can also help clients understand the usual trajectory of responses and at normalizing these feelings by suggesting that despite their intensity, they are to be expected. (Only applics to clients with no previous mental health issues) Goal of Psychoeducation = ANS=To facilitate client's acceptance of their health condition, encourage participation in treatment and develop coping strategies for the everyday challenges of living with illnes During Ps hocducation, the therapist provides information about: = ANS=1.) The client's presenting problem 2.) Addresses current concerns 3.) Signs and symptoms 4.) How it may impact on the client's personal, occupational and social life 5.) Organizations and appropriate literature 6.) The process of therapy. including its phases and why the initial relicf may not endure. Tt may be uscful to think of Ps ocducation as comprising the following clements \ANS=1.) Understanding the condition 2.) Recognizing and avoiding stressors 3.) Identifying carly warning signals for rclapse 4.) Lifestyle factors for maintaining stability Supportive therapy = ANSHInvolves the practical application of a range of techniques *knowledgement, validation, and creating a sale space lo including encouragemenl. ¢ address intrusive thoughts and emotions (containment). Promotes autonomy by helping the client to regain a previous functional level or improving the client's adaptation to current circumstances, and normalizing the client's responses to challenges and stressors, Tts practical and adaptable and therefore can be used with people who have mental illnesses, who are recovering frim major recent trauma, or those who have sever personality disorders, Those who are not suited for Psychotherapy will bencfit from this. The main objectives of Supportive therapy are: = ANS=1.) To help the client maintain a level of functioning in the face of current life challenges such as trauma, chronic illness, and scrious psychosocial strc sors, 2.) Tlelp the client regain a previous level of functioning or Lo improve [unclioning after having experienced trauma, chronic illness and scrious psychosocial stressors, The goal of Insight—oriented therapy = ANS=To help clients to understand the impact and influence they have on their personal and social relationships and how these relationships can in turn impact their experience and understand the world. Insight—oriented therapy © ANS=Cenerally relics on observing and understanding the clients’ personal histories and patterns of behavior, how they deal with emotions, their personal values, their beliefs and their relational patterns over the course of life, and inferring how these have contributed to their current situation, network of relationships and approach lo and interaction with the world in which they live. lient-centered therapy and it suggests Actualization = ANS=Stems from Rogers' that all organisms, including people, have a tendency to pursue growth towards their natural potential regardless of circumstances, Can provide an indication of the intensity and severity of the presentation. Never read, only interpreted. Formulation/Case conceptualization = ANS=The process during which the therapist uses the clinical, collateral, and test data and considers how social determinants have shaped the clhents history, current circumstances and prognosis. Applied to structure, organize and give perspective to the range and depth of available information, The process by which the therapist suggests how the persons symploms, personalily type, personal history, and current circumstances all fit together and produce the current picture of the client's situation. Includes hypotheses about the causes, precipilaling laclors and maintaining inlluences of a person's ps chological, interpersonal and behavioral problems. Provides an in-depth understanding of the client's condition and guides the process of intervention. t corresponds to the idiographic aspects of client's presentation. T ponds to the idiograpt peets of client's 5 Clinical Assessment = ANSH Involves examining the clinical features of the clicnt's presentation and evaluating this in relation Lo how the clients is likely lo benelit [rom and respond to therapy. Mental status examination = ANS=Forms a crucial part of collecting clinical data for the assessment of a client for psychotherapcutic intervention. Collateral information = ANS=Comprises secondary but important details that are essential for understanding primary information, May be obtained from parents, leachers and other health professionals. Can provide invaluable perspective on clinical and test data, and expedite an understanding of the clicnts presentation, especially where client's lack insight into their own behavior. Essential to obtain written informed consent, if the client refuses then it is essential to discuss what the clients concerns are as this is an important part of the process, May be about cultural norms, family dynamics and [amily history. Collateral interview FP ANS@ begin by briefly explaining its purpose, Assure the informant that you are not secking to apportion blame for the clients condition, Start with open-ended questions as this will create a space for the informant to offer information that the therapist might not have considered trying to find. Family/Group interviews PF ANS=orrer the opportunity to observe family dynamics, Predictive function PF ANS=Allows the therapist to prognosticate based on what theory suggests about similar conditions and presentations. Reflective function — ANS-' understanding past circumstance, relationships, behavior, cognitive patterns or style fers the therapis a framework for considering and depending on what theoretical orientation is being used, Challenge that therapists face PS ANSHbcing able to apply a theoretical understanding to all aspects pf the client's history and presentation. This involves the integrating of idiographic and nomothetic elements in the case formulation. Nomothetic clements © ANS=Common to most people presenting with that specific condition, Idiographic elements FP ANS=Unique to the individual, Diagnosis FS ANSE Initiates the process of interaction with the client in a clinical selling. It corresponds to the nomothetic aspect of the client's presentation. Therapeutic contractual process F ANS=Involves explaining and discussing the course and content of therapy in general. May also include the specific therapeutic modality that the therapist plans to use. The roles and responsibilities of the client and the therapist are discussed. Narrative therapy = ANS=Common for therapists lo enquire from clienls how they feel Essential clements of an effective therapeutic alliance: - ANS=1,) Mutual identification 2.) Role responsiveness 3.) Empathy Mutual Tdentification = ANS=The client and the therapist assimilate aspects, properties or attributes of each other and are transformed by the model the other provides. Role responsiveness = ANS=The specific countertransference reaction that facilitates the analysis of the object relations activated in the transference, Empathy FP ANS=The therapist's sensitivity and willingness to understand clients’ thoughts, feclings and struggles from their point of view by adopting their frames of reference, Working alliance = ANS=The client's reasonable side aligns with the counsellors working side, this perm the client to experience negative feelings toward the counsclor without disrupting the work, Creates the sense that the participants of the counscling relationship are joined together in a shared enterprise, each making his or her contribution to the work, Person-to—person relationship | ANS=This refers to the real relationship between the therapist and client, They react lo each other as they are in their current space and not in terms of the primary objective they represent to cach other. Transpersonal relationship © ANS=This refers to the spiritual dimension of the healing relationship. Obligations of a therapist : | ANS=1,) to act ethically and responsibly 2.) to act within the scope of practice and in accordance with the training they received Therapeutic ANC P ANS=The position that therapists take, the approach that they adopt or the attitude that they assume to influence the therapeutic context. IL is usually a conscious position and is deliberately adopted to set the lone for the therapeutic context. Tt is influenced y the therapeutic modality or form of therapy that is being used. | ANS=Employ a relaxed, non-direc encompassing an attitude of respect and unconditional positive regard for the client, Client-centered therapists ve position Must be warm genuine and encouraging based on the foundational premise of person centered psychotherapy. Cognitive behavior therapists = ANS=Sce the process of therapy as guided collaboration and therefore adopt an active, directive position in the therapeutic relationship. FP ANS=Take a decentered and influential posture but on careful questioning designed to create awareness of and turn the clients attention away from Narrative therapists dominant narratives that have been impacting on his or her life. Influential rather than directive in creating a context is one of a "blank slate” psychodynamic therapy FP ANS=The therapists typical stance: (tabular rasa) on which the client can project the workings of his primary formative relationships (Object, relations) . The therapists skill and knowledge are valued above the clients, there is an assumption that the therapist is in a position of relative power when compared to the client, The premise of traditional psychodynamic therapists | ANS=The therapist should be neutral and passive, most especially in the initial stages of therapy to ensure that the client feels free to associate and project internal dynamics. Main principles of intervention = ANS-1 ») Attitude 2.) Alliance 4.) Accountability