Changing Economic World
Measuring Development
Development measures how economically, socially, culturally or
technologically advanced a country is. It suggests: advancement,
evolution, expansion, grow th, improvement, increase, maturity, progress,
changes for the better.
Development Indicators
GNI Rocks that bash together to become smooth/smaller.
HDI A chemical reaction that dissolves rocks.
Infant
mortality
Rocks hurled at the base of a cliff to break pieces apart.
Literacy
rate
Water enters cracks in the cliff, air compresses, causing the
crack to expand.
You need to know the advantages and disadvantages of each of these
UK Links
Ports Air Roads
•UK port industry is
the biggest in
Europe due to our
large coastline
•120 ports in UK;
Teesport is the 3rd
biggest
•Teesport handles
5000 vessels each
year
•Heathrow is the Uks
busiest airport with
1 plane taking off
every 45 secs
•300000 people
employed in UK
aviation
•Durham Tees Valley
airport is looking to
expand
•1st motorway in
1958
•By 2008 there w ere
2200 miles of
motorways
•The A1 is the longest
road in the UK and
connects Teesside
•The A19 is g etting
improved
UK Global Links
Political
Commonwealth
•These are 53 states across the world that were part of
our colonial history
•Many expats live there (Brits who live abroad)
•The Queen is head of state in 16 of these countries
•promotes democracy, good governance, human rights
and economic development as the UK trades with its
previous colonies
EU
•We joined the EU in 1979 and opted to leave in 2016.
•About 50% of exports and imports are to the EU
•It’s now a bit confusing as we go through the Brexit
process about what will happen to EU laws that we
have.
Trade •49.6% of the UK’s exports went to EU countries, and
50.4% went to non-EU countries such as the USA and
China,. The USA takes the most.
•A lot of trade is now finance and comm unications
following deindustrialisation.
Transport •More than 750,000 international flights depart from
the UK annually to 400 airports in 114 countries
•Heathrow is the 4th busiest airport in the world (good
seeing as we’re not the 4th biggest population!)
•Eurotunnel links our island to Europe
Culture •English Language has helped us set up strong links
•Students abroad can sit British exams
•UK TV productions have a global audience
•We are a culture of immigration leading to a uniq ue
and multicultural society
Technology •90% of population has internet – very connected!
•We spend more online shopping than anywhere in
Europe
•18 million businesses run from home
SoL/QoL
Standard of life refers to the economic level of a person’s daily life.
Quality of life looks at social measures of well being.
Factors Causing Uneven Development
Physical Environment Health
•Soil erosion, desertification , climate
change, overgrazing and infertile
soils affect farming.
•Areas without fe rtile land, natural
resources, water and energy suffer.
•Natural hazards make little progress
with development e.g. Haiti.
•Diseases can make people too weak
to work or go to school.
•80% of all developing world disea se
is water-related. 2 million die a year.
•LIC’s are unable to invest in goo d
quality health care
Trade History
•Trade blocs favour its membe rs.
•Primary products sold by LIC’s are
sold for cheap price s that can
fluctuate. HICs make more expensive
products so earn more..
•Poor infrastructure or conflict means
some people cannot se ll their goods
at all.
•Colonialism: Many co untries in Asia,
S. America and Af rica have spent a
lot of time and mo ney on civil wars
and political struggles f or power
since being made separate f rom
European superpowers.
•Many LICs haven’t had ti me to
develop fully.
Unit 2b
Classifying the World’s Development
•A HIC has an GNI per capita of over
~$12000
•A NEE has an economy that is
rapidly progressing
•A LIC has a GNI per capita of below
$800
Many years ago, Dr Brandt classified the
world into the rich north and the poor
south. He drew this line called the
Brandt Line or the North-South Divide.
However over time, countries in the
south began to develop like Singap ore
and China and the line became
outdated.
Measuring Population
The demographic transition
model shows how a country’s
population changes as it
becomes more developed from
subsistence farming cultures to
HICs.
Population pyramids/structures
change over time too – from
having a lot of babies and a wide
bottom, to good healthcare and
more elderly people.
Solutions to Uneven Development
TNCs Aid
Industrial Development Intermediate Technology
Fair Trade Debt Relief
Microfinance Tourism
Tourism in Kenya
Background: Kenya is in East Africa.
It has 333 miles of coa stline on the
Indian Ocean. It has a G NI per capita
of $760.
Attractions: The Big 5 animals for safa ris,
Mt Kenya, Mombasa coas t for white,
sandy beaches and cora l reefs Hot climate.
Cultural tours of the Masai Mara tribe and
hot air balloon rides ove r the savannah
Positive Impacts: Negative Impacts
Economic – earns $500mill/year .
11% of people employed in tourism.
Better roads and infrastructure.
Social – understanding of cultural
ideas. Can invest money in
healthcare and education.
Environmental – Educate on how to
look after environment. Ecotourism.
Economic – only 15% of profits stays in
the country; the rest goes to HICs. The
jobs are seasonal.
Social – local people can be offended by
dress ware that’s considered
inappropriate. Most people visit the
south so the north isn’t benefiting.
Environmental – wildlife can be disturbed
affecting breeding. Increased air
pollution. Soil erosion from jeeps.
Ecotourism
Ecotourism, is a type of tourism which involves protecting the
environment and the way of life of local people. E.g. Tsavo National Park.
People camp, they stick to roads and don’t get close to the animals.
