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Class: PHED 35345 - Exercise Physiology (with lab); Subject: Physical Education; University: Rowan University; Term: Fall 2014;
Typology: Quizzes
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DEFINITION 17 Absolute muscle strength (total force exerted) Men have greater strength in all muscle groups tested.Women score about 50% lower for upper-body strength and 30% lower for leg strength. Relative muscle strength (force exerted relative to weight, FFM or MCSA) Skeletal muscle fibers in vitro generate 16 to 30 N max force per cm2 muscle MCSA regardless of gender.In vivo force-output capacity varies depending on bony lever arrangement and musclearchitecture. TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 Incomplete skeletal development raises concern about potential for bone/joint injury with heavy muscular overload. Limited evidence indicates that closely supervised resistance training programs with concentric-only muscle actions with high repetitions and low resistance improve childrens muscular strength without adverse effect on bone or muscle. TERM 19
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DEFINITION 20 Max volunta ry isometric actions produce greater gains in isometric strength than submax actions. Duration of muscle activation directly relates to increases in isometric strength. One dail y isometric action does not increase isometric strength as effectively as repeated actions. Isometric training does not provide a consistent stimulus for muscular hypertrophy. Gains in isometric strength occur predominantly at the joint angle used during training.
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DEFINITION 23 Alters external resistance to movement with a lever arm, irregularly shaped metal cam, air, hydraulics, or pulley to match increases and decreases in force capacity related to joint angle throughout ROMLifting and lowering phases with each rep using weight plates or machines that feature different applications of muscle overload Major type: DCER, Progressive Resistance Exercise (PRE) Variations of PRE alter number of sets, reps, including frequency and relatively intensity all prove successful TERM 24
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DEFINITION 25 Muscle action performed at constant angular limb velocity. Isokinetic device controls movement velocity. Muscles exert max forces throughout ROM while shortening at specific velocities. Max force throughout ROM optimizes strength development. Concentric-only actions minimize potential for muscle and joint injury and pain.
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DEFINITION 32 Varies training intensity and volume to ensure peak performance coincides with major competition Subdivides specific resistance-training period into a macrocycle and smaller mesocycles, separated into weekly microcycles Progressively decreases training volume and increases intensity as duration progresses to maximize newly acquired strength/power improvements TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 Avoid max lifts in beginning stages of training. Use lighter resistance and more repetitions at start of training. After 2 to 3 wks of training, decrease repetitions to between 6 and 8. Add more resistance after reaching target repetition number. Training sequence proceeds from larger to smaller muscle groups to avoid fatigue of smaller muscles. TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 Competitive athletes Focus on optimizing strength, power, muscular hypertrophy with high-intensity 1 to 6 RM. Middle-aged and older adults Focus on maintenance and possible increase of muscle and bone mass and muscular strength and endurance to enhance overall health. Cardiac patients Focus on strength maintenance to minimize musculoskeletal injuries. TERM 35
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DEFINITION 48 Minute tears in muscle tissue or damage to its contractile components Osmotic pressure changes that cause fluid retention Muscle spasms Overstretching and tearing of portions of the muscles connective tissue harness Acute inflammation Alteration in cell mechanism for calcium regulation Combination of above factors TERM 49
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