Download ch. 13,14,15 test three | BIOL 04102 - GENERAL BIOLOGY and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
population
made up of individuals, number same species found in its habitat TERM 2
evolution
DEFINITION 2 change over time TERM 3
natural selection
DEFINITION 3 "survival of the fittest" fittest means youcan leave behing offspring, those best suited to current conditions survive and reproduce leaving offspring TERM 4
Charles Darwin
DEFINITION 4 most credit for evolution, alfred wallace had the same idea, but darwin had more, he had a book full of information TERM 5
Mircroevolution
DEFINITION 5 shifts in alleles
allele frequency
the percent of time each allele appears TERM 7
evidence in evolution
DEFINITION 7 fossils, biogeography, comparative anatomy and embryology and molecular biology TERM 8
fossil record
DEFINITION 8 incomplete record,relative dating are the layers the ones at top are newest and bottom are the oldest, radiometric dating is when youuse radioactive isotopes: carbon 12 the isoptos is carbon 15 which has two extra neutrons and very unstable when you die carbon 14 starts to go away but takes very very long to go away TERM 9
biogeography
DEFINITION 9 the geographic patterns of species distributions TERM 10
molecular biology
DEFINITION 10 make DNA and protein comparisons, you are able to compare bacteria and humans using this process, if sequence similarity is high then they have alot of similarity and closely related
evolutinary tree
way to organize organisms with putting them in order so they can be grouped togeter TERM 17
agents of evolutinary change
DEFINITION 17 mutation, genetic drift, migration and natural selection TERM 18
mutation
DEFINITION 18 altered sequence in DNA, cause by replication errors or exposure to mutgens, if a mutation is in a germ cell then it can be passed on to the offspring TERM 19
genetic drift
DEFINITION 19 random change in allele frequencies, unrelated to alleles' influence on reproduction, types are bottleneck and founder effect TERM 20
bottleneck
DEFINITION 20 when only a few individuals survive a natural disaters or illnes
foudner effect
a new population may be started when a few individuals travel and colonize a new area TERM 22
migration(geneflow)
DEFINITION 22 the movement of some individuals of a species from one population to another, influenced by mobility of organisms, alleles may be "carried into" a population which can alter allele frequencies TERM 23
natural selection
DEFINITION 23 three conditions: 1variation for the trait within the population 2, variation must be inheritable 3."differential reproductive success" bases on the trait alleles must be able to be pasted on TERM 24
types of natural selectoin
DEFINITION 24 Stabilizing selection, directional selection, disruptive selection TERM 25
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
DEFINITION 25 for a population to be in equilibrium it must satisfy five main conditions: 1. the poplulation is very large 2. matins is random 3.the population is isolate (no gene flow) 4. no mutations 5. all individuals are equal in reproductive succes (no natural selection)
sympatric speciation
occurs within same geographic area, usualy with plants, mistakes heppen in the cell division that end with a new organism so that that organism can no longer mate with the other. TERM 32
major events in the history of life
DEFINITION 32
- origin of prokaryotes 2. origin of single-celled eukaryotes
- origin of multi-cellular eukaryotes 4. colonization of land TERM 33
phylogeny
DEFINITION 33 evolutionary history of a species or group of species, hypotheses developed by using fossils, homologous morphological triats, behaviors and molecular sequences TERM 34
convergent evolution
DEFINITION 34 change and adapted to their own envioronments TERM 35
systematics
DEFINITION 35 connects classification with evolutionary history,2 part name: genus and species, taxonimic unit: taxon, most specific is the species most broad is the domain of the organism
phylogenetic tree
hypothesis of evolutionary relationships within a group TERM 37
cladistics
DEFINITION 37 monophyletic: one group or tribe, uses the concept that evolution proceeds when a new heritbale triat develops and is passed on to descendents, new triats that come up are called derived characters TERM 38
three domains
DEFINITION 38
- prokaryotic domain bacteria 2. prokaryotic domain archaea 3. eukaryotic domain Eukarya
