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CERTIFIED OPHTHALMIC ASSISTANT
(COA)
How are systemic medications administered? - correct answer Orally, injection (subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or intravenously How should drops be properly instilled into a patient's eye? - correct answer Into the lower cul de sac (lower fornix) What does the term idiosyncrasy refer to with ophthalmic drugs? - correct answer A bizarre, peculiar reaction to a drug that is not commonly seen, such as tremors, excitability or even collapse What is the name of the instrument used to neutralize lenses? - correct answer Lensometer (Lensmeter) When recording a prism in a spectacle prescription, what does the abbreviation BO stand for? - correct answer Base out What is determined by focusing the thin lines in a manual lensometer? - correct answer The sphere of the spectacle prescription What is the first step in performing lensometry? - correct answer Focus the eyepiece When PRK is being performed, time remaining in the procedure should be announced in increments of ______ - correct answer 10 seconds Name the organism that is most destructive to the eye. - correct answer Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
What procedure using an Argon Laser is thought to destroy areas of ischemic retina? - correct answer Panretinal photocoagulation or panretinal laser What type of intraocular injection is made at the Pars plana site with a needle and syringe of medication? - correct answer Intravitreal injection What are the parallel movements of the eyes from one gaze position to another - correct answer Versions What is the movement of one eye called - correct answer Duction Versions and ductions are tested by using ________ to test the six pairs of _______ muscles. - correct answer Six Cardinal positions, yoke The movement of the eye outward toward the temple is called _____ - correct answer Abduction What is the technique used to measure the radius of curvature of the anterior corneal surface? - correct answer A-Scan Keratometry Length Measurements Keratometry is performed with a device called a ______ - correct answer Keratometer or ophthalmometer Give three examples in which a Keratometry measurement would be useful. - correct answer Contact lens fitting, refractive surgery, intraocular lens calculations, keratoconus Keratometry is measured in _____ - correct answer Diopters Measuring intraocular pressure is also called _____ - correct answer Tonometry
The diffusion of oxygen through a contact lens material is referred to as ____. - correct answer DK value True or False: The application and evaluation of a diagnostic lens on the eye is the best way to fit a contact lens - correct answer True Name the instrument used to determine the posterior surface radius of curvature of a rigid contact lens. - correct answer Radiuscope and or Contacto Gauge Increased thirst, excessive urine, production, increased hunger and weight loss are characteristics of which endocrine disease? - correct answer Diabetes insipidus What finding can occur 6 to 8 hours after a metallic foreign body enters the cornea? - correct answer Rust ring Why are alkali burns more serious than acid burns on the cornea? - correct answer Alkali burns penetrate deeper Variability in the functions of levator and extraocular muscle is characteristic in which systemic disease? - correct answer Myasthenia gravis What is the name of the mucous membrane covering the interior sclera? - correct answer (Bulbar) Conjunctiva What type of glaucoma constitutes an ocular emergency? - correct answer Acute angle-closure glaucoma Protocols for pressure patching or shields require that adhesive tape must be applied from the ____ to the ____. - correct answer Bridge of the nose, ear lobe What is the minimum thickness of safety lenses? - correct answer 3.0 mm
What is the name of the important screening process used in emergencies determine the patient's ocular needs? - correct answer Triage What is a hemorrhage confined to the anterior chamber termed? - correct answer Hyphema ____ drugs induce contractions of the iris sphincter - correct answer Miotic Name the three types of ophthalmic preparations placed directly in the eye. - correct answer Solutions, suspensions, ointments What is the main disadvantage of using an ophthalmic solution? - correct answer The duration of contact with the eye is short, therefore it requires frequent instillation What is the disadvantage of using an ophthalmic ointment? - correct answer The ointment reduces vision by creating a greasy film over the surface of the cornea, and is best used at bedtime. Gross evaluation of the patient's peripheral vision can be accomplished with ____ visual field testing. - correct answer Confrontation The ____ visual field test compares the boundaries of the patient's visual field with that of the examiner. - correct answer Confrontation The Amsler grid test determines the presence and location of defects in the ____ portion of the visual field. - correct answer Central During Amsler grid testing the patient should be instructed to view the grid through his or her ____ correction. - correct answer Near
When long waiting times occur in the office what is the ophthalmic medical assistant's responsibility - correct answer To communicate with patients and keep them informed in a sensitive manner What can be used to immobilize an infant for an ophthalmic examination? - correct answer A papoose board ____ is any irritation or inflammation of the conjunctiva - correct answer Conjuntivitis In fundus photography, when the camera is too far from the eye, a ___ ___ will form around the image. - correct answer Blue-Grey halo "Diagnostic" or "standardized" ____ are performed for quantitative evaluation of a tissue's structure, reflectivity, and sound absorption - correct answer A-Scans ____ photography is used to photograph the anterior segment of the eye. - correct answer Slit-lamp Specular photomicrography is a method of evaluating the ____ surface of the cornea. - correct answer Endothelial The visual acuity notation 20/200 indicates the patient could see the 200 optotype at ____ feet. - correct answer 20 If the patient perceives light and can indicate the source direction, the vision is recorded as ____. - correct answer Light perception with projection (LPw/P) The distance of 20 feet is used in visual acuity assessment because it approximates____. - correct answer Optical infinity
The visual acuity value of 20/40 is expressed as the metric equivalent ____. - correct answer 6/ The pinhole acuity test is used to confirm whether ____ ____ is the cause of a decrease in visual acuity. - correct answer Refractive error What is the normal range of intraocular pressure? - correct answer 13-20 mm Hg Which method of tonometry is described as the measurement of the amount of pressure needed to flatten the cornea buy a standard amount? - correct answer Applanation tonometry What measurement error is produced when the fluorescein rings are too narrow during applanation tonometry? - correct answer Falsely low reading What measurement error is introduced when the patient holding his or her breath or wearing a collar that is buttoned too tightly, is applanated? - correct answer Falsely high reading Measuring intraocular pressure is also called ____. - correct answer Tonometry ____ ____ is a red dye useful in evaluating the integrity of the corneal epithelium.
- correct answer Rose bengal The ____ ____ test uses rainbow colored cups that must be arranged in order of similar hues - correct answer Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue The ____ ____ ____ color vision test consists of a series of plates with a gray background and colored circles, crosses, and triangles - correct answer Hardy- Rand-Ritter
What is the term for the amount of time it takes for dry spots to form on the cornea when the eye is in a staring position - correct answer BUT (break-up time) How is anterior chamber angle depth estimated using a slit lamp? - correct answer A thin light beam is placed at the limbus at an angle of approximately 60° and the distance between the posterior limit of the corneal beam and the anterior limit of the iris beam is compared with the thickness of the optical section of the cornea Which two ocular structures can touch of the anterior chamber is flat? - correct answer Iris and cornea When determining anterior chamber depth using a flashlight test, a shadow on the nasal iris indicates ____. - correct answer Abnormally shallow anterior chamber (narrow angle) Ophthalmologists often estimate anterior chamber depth by measuring the angle between the ____ and ____ - correct answer Anterior surface of the iris, posterior surface of the cornea Which color vision test consists of pseudo isochromatic plated that determine red-green color anomalies and deficiencies? - correct answer Ishihara Which color defects may be distinguished by the Ishihara test? - correct answer Red and green How long are the Schirmer strips left in place during s tear test? - correct answer 5 minutes A-Scan biometry measures the distance between ____ - correct answer Internal ocular surfaces
The chief use of A-Scan biometric is to measure the ____ ____ of the eye - correct answer Axial length Jaeger notation, the point system, and the Snellen M Unit are units of measure used in recording ____ visual acuity. - correct answer Near In the visual assessment the acronym PAM represents the principal testing device known as the ____. - correct answer Potential Acuity Meter The ability of human vision to discern shapes by their relative lightness and darkness is termed____. - correct answer Contrast sensitivity During visual acuity assessment the patient is able to clearly read the 20/20 line but misses one letter, the acuity is recorded as ____. - correct answer 20/20- Why is it important to observe the patient during visual acuity testing? - correct answer To ensure proper occlusion What drug classification is contraindicated in patient's with obstructive pulmonary disease or cardiovascular disease? - correct answer Beta blockers What symptoms are involved with an allergic reaction to a topically administered drug? - correct answer Edema of lids, redness, scaliness, vesicle formation, and oozing can occur with a reaction to an ophthalmic preparation What are some of the side effects of long-term steroid drops? - correct answer Rise in intraocular pressure, cataracts, decreased wound healing, and decreased resistance to infection The absence of a lens in an eye is called____. - correct answer Aphakia
When performing cover-uncover test, the eye under the cover moves when uncovered, it is a ____, which is a ____ deviation. - correct answer Phoria, latent Drainage of topical drops from the eye and their systemic absorption can be prevented by ____ ____. - correct answer Punctal occlusion What medications are used as topical anesthetics? - correct answer Proparacaine or tetracaine What is the color of bottle caps of prostaglandins? - correct answer Teal What are the classificaitons of the three large groups of anti-infective agents? - correct answer Antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals True allergic reaction can involve what symptoms? - correct answer Itching, rash, difficulty breathing, weak or rapid pulse In terms of lens thickness, the greater the refractive index, the ____ the lens - correct answer thinner The distance from the center of the pupil of one eye to the center of the pupil of the other eye is termed ____. - correct answer Interpupillary Distance What is measured to obtain a monocular measurement of the IPD (interpupillary distance) - correct answer The distance from the bridge of the nose to the center of a pupil. Explain how to transpose a spherocylinder lens from plus to minus cylinder form, or from minus to plus cylinder. - correct answer Algebraically add the sphere and cylinder powers, retain the cylinder power but change the cylinder sign, and change the cylinder axis by 90 degrees. Transpose: +2.00 -2.50 x 90
-0.50 + 2.50 x 180 Which instrument measures the radius of curvature, or base curve, of a spectacle lens surface in diopters? - correct answer Geneva lens clock or measure What is the spherical equivalent of -2.00 +3.00 x 90 - correct answer -0.50 sphere The trifocal portion of a +2.00 reading add will be ____. - correct answer +1. What is the name of the test to determine the correct myopic correction using red/green filter on the projector? - correct answer Duochrome test What is another reference or starting point for refracting a patient who has a poor retinoscopy reflex? - correct answer Keratometry What normally determines the strength of an add power for near correction? - correct answer The age of the patient What type of refractometry is indicated for children with accommodative esotropia or patients who have latent hyperopia? - correct answer Cycloplegic refractometry what is the distance from the back surface of a lens to the front surface of the eye called? - correct answer Vertex distance Define refractometry. - correct answer The measurement of the refractive error of an eye What is the name of the instrument that houses various lenses to determine the refractive error of an eye? - correct answer Phoropter
Today's computer assisted corneal topography systems are based on data obtained from a reflected ____ ____ image. - correct answer Placido disc ____ does not appear on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). - correct answer Bone Conjunctivitis may be ____, ____, or ____. - correct answer Allergic Viral Bacterial Sudden painless vision loss, which may continue to deteriorate over a few days, and may not recover is known as ____ ____ ____. - correct answer Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Forward displacement of the eye in its bony socket causing the eye to bulge forward is termed ____. - correct answer Proptosis / exophthalmus The cornea provides approximately ____ of the refractive power of the eye. - correct answer 2/ If dust accumulates on the mirror of the slit lamp, the technician may clean it by using what cleaning methods? - correct answer A lint-free cloth, a lens brush, or a blast of air. Who should repair and maintain equipment such as a laser? - correct answer A qualified service technician A pupil diameter of less than ____ can produce a contraction of the visual field - correct answer 2 - 2.5 mm
Normal peripheral limits of the visual field are ____ degrees nasally, ____ degrees superiorly, ____ degrees inferiorly, and ____ degrees temporally. - correct answer 60 60 70 90 In the grayscale printout of an automated perimeter the lighter area corresponds to ____ levels of illumination being seen by the patient - correct answer Dim When performing a proper site identification, what two things must be identified?
- correct answer Correct patient Correct site The YAG laser is a ____ type of laser and uses quick pulses of energy. - correct answer Cold What is the method of choice in sterilizing intraocular implants? - correct answer Ethylene oxide Name the two main classified sections of most ophthalmic surgical procedures - correct answer Intraocular Extraocular The most common method of sterilizing instruments is ____. - correct answer Steam sterilization / autoclave Name the two types of anatomical scrubs - correct answer Timed Counted
Or sooner with regular use When cleaning a goniolens, what is used to rinse off the methycellulose? - correct answer Warm running water When replacing s light bulb ____ can diminish its effectiveness and life. - correct answer Oil from fingers Diagnostic lenses thy contact the eye can be sterilized using ____. - correct answer Ethylene oxide gas How should the removable glass slides inside the American Optical acuity projector be cleaned? - correct answer Wipe with clean, soft lint-free towel or photographic lens paper What does HIPAA protect? - correct answer The dissemination of specific patient information What is coding? - correct answer The application of numerical designations for medical diagnosis, procedures, and services What is the assessment of the use of services by a practice institution, clinic, or individual physician? - correct answer Utilization review Complete the statement: "if it isn't documented, ____" - correct answer It didn't happen Name three reasons to dispense a therapeutic bandage contact lens. - correct answer To protect cornea from eyelids and eyelashes To promote corneal healing To provide comfort To stop wound leaks
To improve vision For drug delivery Name two measurements required to fit a contact lens. - correct answer Refraction K-reading (Keratometry) Overwear of contact lenses may result in insufficient oxygen to the cornea called ____. - correct answer Hypoxia ophthalmia What are ethics? - correct answer Moral principles and values that govern individual behavior What must ophthalmic medical assistants abide by? - correct answer The laws of the state in which their employer practices and under the services of a licensed ophthalmologist. Attempting to work independently of an ophthalmologist is considered ____. - correct answer Practicing medicine without a license What should and ophthalmic practice have in place to meet legal compliance? - correct answer A compliance officer, policies, and procedures What is HIPAA? - correct answer Health insurance portability and accountability act Which ocular condition is commonly associated with Sjögren's syndrome? - correct answer Dry eyes (dry mouth is another finding) Which systemic disease can cause temporary fluctuations in refractive errors? - correct answer Diabetes mellitus
