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Download Certified Brain Injury Specialist Examination Question And Answer 2024 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
ive, Acquired Brain Injury - ANS_Injury to the brain that’s not hereditary, congenital. degene or induced by birth trauma. Coup-Contrecoup Injury - ANS_When the head/brain moves forward (linear ac ration) and an object with rapid linear acceleration of the brain, resulting in frontal lobe focal then strike lesions (this is coup). Then the rebound where the brain/head moves backwards striking an object causing occipital lobe focal lesions (contrecoup). Closed Injuries - ANS_Can cause brain lacerations and contusions. or intracerebral hemorrhage within the brain causing fatal injuries. Examples of closed injuries include “coup-contrecoup injury” or “diffuse axonal injury.” Hypoxia - ANS_Low levels of oxygen Anoxia - ANS_An absence of oxygen Hydrocephalus - ANS_Buildup of fluid in the cavities (verrtricles) deep within the brain: ure Of fluid is damaging. ebral spinal fluid) Incidence - ANS_Rate or range of occurrences Prevalence - ANS_Refers to the number of people with a given condition at a specific point in time and its presentation may and inability to recall what just happened. Mild TBI - ANS_Can have either brief or no loss of consciousn: demonstrate vomiting. lethargy, dizzine: Normal structural imaging: LOC= 0-30 minutes: AOC= from a moment up to 24 hours; PTA= 0-1 day: G 13-18. Moderate TBI- ANS_Will be marked by unconsciousness for any period of time up to 24 hours, will have neurological signs of brain trauma, including skull fractures with contusion or bleeding. and may have focal findings on an EEG/CT scan. Normal or abnormal structural imaging; LOC > 30 minutes and < 24 hours; AOC > 24 hour severity based on other criteria; PTA > 1 and <7 days; GCS= 912. re TBI - ANS_Marked by a period of loss of consciousness of 24 hours or greater. Normal or abnormal structural imaging: LOC > 24 hours; PTA > 7 days: GCS= 3-8. Concussion - ANS_Mild TBI caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head that can change the way the brain works. Loss of consciousness (LOC) can occur: but frequently, concussions occur without LOC, Aphasia - ANS_A language disorder that affects a person’s ability to communicate Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - ANS_Set the foundation for the s system, a federal/state-supported system of servic ate vocational rehabilitation (VR) s, which assists persons with disabilities who are pursuing meaningful careers. Olmstead Decision - ANS_Gradually challenged federal, state, and local governments to develop more opportunities for persons with disabilities to be served through cost-effective community- based services. “The meninges P-A-D the brain" Glial Cells - ANS_Non-communicating cells which support and nourish the neurons. There are about 190 billion neurons, with about 10 to 50 times that many glial cells. Reticular Activating System (RAS)- ANS_Within the brainstem, there is a collection of nerve fibers and nuclei called the RAS. This system modulates or changes arousal, alertness. concentration, and basic biological changes. Medulla - ANS_Contains reflex centers which control many involuntary functions such as =, blood pressure. swallowing, vomiting, and sneezing. breathing, heart ra Pons - ANS_Essential for facial movements, facial sensation, hearing, and coordinating eve movements. Serves as a bridge of nerve fibers, connecting the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Pons enables the thinking part of the brain (cortex) to work with the movement (cerebellum) part of the brain. Midbrain - ANS_(Smallest portion of the brainstem) Part of elementary forms of hearing and seeing. Plays a pivotal part in arousal and alertness. Diencephalon - ANS_Made up of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and other structures. at for forwarding information, sensations, and movement. Master relay ¢ Thalamus - ANS_Sits on the very top of the brainstem just beneath the cortex. Each sense relays its impulses through the thalamus, except for smell. Hypothalamus - ANS_The control center for hunger. thirst, sexual response, endocrine levels, and temperature regulation. Involved in many complex responses. like flight-or-fight, anger. fatigue, memory and calmness. Limbic System - ANS_Situated above, around, and interconnected with the diencephalon. Middle section of the brain, and sits on top of the brain stem, and is involved in emotions and basic feelings. Pe actions and may become impulsive, haphazard, and disconnected from family and friends. son with a limbic system injury may feel that they no longer have any control over their Cerebellum - ANS_Coordinates, modulates, and stores all body movement. Governs a person's every movement. Proprioception - ANS_A person’s sense of where their body is in space. Basal Ganglia - ANS_The 4 nerve cell clusters of the basal ganglia help handle physical movements by relaying information from the cerebral cortex to the brain stem and cerebellum. Its most important function is to be alert for when something is not working the way it should be. Affects voluntary motor nerves. Corpus Callosum- ANS_A complex band of nerve fibers that exchanges information betw 2 hemispheres. ical Primary Sensory Cortex - ANS_The 1st part of the brain to consciously register phy sensations, but they also respond to sensory information such as heat. touch, cold, and pain, and are resporisible for one’s serise of body awarer Afferent Nervous - ANS_AFFERENT nerves ASCEND upward. Ante sensation, but without a loss of proprioception. rior Cord Syndrome - ANS_Marked by a loss of muscle control, pain, and temperature Posterior Cord Syndrome - ANS_Rare syndrome. Today. it occurs with intraoperative complications in spinal surgery. Central Cord Syndrome - ANS_Most common injury leading to this is a fall resulting in neck hyperextension in a patient with neck arthritis. or spondylosis. Presents as weakness and numbness, primarily in arms rather than legs, and often accompanied with B&B incontinence. Brown-Sequard Syndrome - ANS_Occurs when only one side of the spinal cord is injured or damaged, pr srving the other side. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTT - ANS_Comes from an MRI sean and with some very sophisticated computer reconstruction, maior tracts in the brain can be identified. Categories of Brain Injury - ANS_* Closed (non-penetrating) Focal or diffuse Brain contusions: Brain lacerations; Intracerebral hemorrhage: Diffuse axonal injury. * Open (penetrating) skull fracture: Meninges breach Primarily focal Epidural hematomas: Subdural hematomas: Intracerebral hemorrhage: Infections * Traumatic Inertial (Non-contact injury) Rotational/Angular forces Non-contact injury Brain moves within skull Primarily diffuse (multifocal) Diffuse axonal injury: White matter lesion: Hemorrhage Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAD - ANS_Can oceur when the white matter tracts are stretched and break, resulting in extensive injury to the entire brain. Hematomas - ANS_Aceumulation of blood Subdural Hematomas - ANS_Bleeding into the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid layers of the meninges. Neuroplasticity - ANS_The ability of the nervous s injury. stem to change, grow or compensate for The brain can adapt and reorganize due to the environment around it or due to cell death, or it can form new connections. Experience Dependent Learning - ANS_As our experiences change (e.g., in the form of changes to sensory inputs. or changes to motor outputs. etc.) so too does the brain's morphology (e.. structure). Behavior (Lé., experience) --> Synaptic Change —-> Motor Map Reorganization 
