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Central Dogma: Replication, Transcription, and Translation in Molecular Biology, Slides of Genetics

An in-depth explanation of the Central Dogma in molecular biology, which is the theory that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. the three main steps of the Central Dogma - replication, transcription, and translation - and the processes involved in each step. It includes figures to illustrate the concepts. The document was compiled and circulated by Dr. Uttam Kumar Kanp, an assistant professor in the Department of Botany at Naraoji Raj College, for a Botany semester IV paper on molecular biology, unit-3: Central Dogma and Genetic Code.

Typology: Slides

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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CENTRAL DOGMA
COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C8T: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, UNIT-3: CENTRAL DOGMA AND GENETIC CODE.
DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
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CENTRAL DOGMA

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

WHAT IS CENTRAL DOGMA

A theory in genetics and molecular biology subject to several exceptions that genetic information is coded in self replicating DNA and undergoes unidirectional transfer to m-RNA in transcription which act as templates for protein synthesis in translation.

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

Fig. Central dogma

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

REPLICATION

The process by which a double stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. DNA replication takes place by three steps

  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
  1. ELONGATION A new DNA strand grows one base at a time. The existing strand is a template for the new strand. The enzyme DNA polymerase controls the process.
  2. TERMINATION Two new double stranded DNA have replaced the original helix. Finally, nuclease enzyme proofread the new double helix structure and remove mispaired bases. DNA polymerase fills the gaps created by the excised bases.
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
  • A enzyme RNA-polymarase bind to promoter region.
  • Unwind the double helix and form transcription bubble.
  • RNA-polymarase read the nucleotide sequence and copy to m-RNA.
  1. INITIATION
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

RNA-polymarase moves along the template strand and synthesising an m-RNA molecule.

  1. ELONGATION
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

Fig: whole process of transcription

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

In molecular biology and genetics, translation is a process in which protein synthesized from m-RNA by ribosome in the cytoplasm of a cell. It also has three parts

  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation 3 .Termination

TRANSLATION

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

The t-RNA forms an amino acid by read the codon sequence. The ribosome then moves to the next m-RNA codon to continue the process and creating an amino acid chain.

  1. ELONGATION
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

When a peptidyl t-RNA binds with a stop codon, then the ribosome folds the polypeptide into its final structure.

  1. TERMINATION
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

Thank you