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An in-depth explanation of the Central Dogma in molecular biology, which is the theory that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. the three main steps of the Central Dogma - replication, transcription, and translation - and the processes involved in each step. It includes figures to illustrate the concepts. The document was compiled and circulated by Dr. Uttam Kumar Kanp, an assistant professor in the Department of Botany at Naraoji Raj College, for a Botany semester IV paper on molecular biology, unit-3: Central Dogma and Genetic Code.
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A theory in genetics and molecular biology subject to several exceptions that genetic information is coded in self replicating DNA and undergoes unidirectional transfer to m-RNA in transcription which act as templates for protein synthesis in translation.
The process by which a double stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. DNA replication takes place by three steps ―
RNA-polymarase moves along the template strand and synthesising an m-RNA molecule.
Fig: whole process of transcription
In molecular biology and genetics, translation is a process in which protein synthesized from m-RNA by ribosome in the cytoplasm of a cell. It also has three parts ―
The t-RNA forms an amino acid by read the codon sequence. The ribosome then moves to the next m-RNA codon to continue the process and creating an amino acid chain.
When a peptidyl t-RNA binds with a stop codon, then the ribosome folds the polypeptide into its final structure.
