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A series of questions and answers related to cellular respiration, focusing on the processes of glycolysis, the krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. It explores the role of glucose, pyruvic acid, carbon dioxide, and atp in these processes, as well as the importance of oxygen in aerobic respiration. The document also examines anaerobic respiration and fermentation, highlighting their differences from aerobic respiration and their implications for cellular energy production.
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What is represented by the hexagon? - ✔✔Glucose (6C) How many carbon atoms (C) are in one molecule of glucose? - ✔✔ 6 How many carbon atoms (C) are in one molecule of pyruvic acid? - ✔✔ 3 In the process of glycolysis, what happens to glucose after it crosses the cell membrane into the cytoplasm of the cell? - ✔✔It splits into 2 pyruvic acids when it crossed. Thinking about the number of carbon atoms in glucose and in pyruvic acid, explain why there is one molecule of glucose on the left side of the arrow and two molecules of pyruvic acid on the right side of the arrow. - ✔✔There is only 3 carbon in pyruvic acid, so since glucose had 6 carbon, it split into 2 pyruvics making 6 altogether. How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis? - ✔✔ 2 Hydrogen-carrying molecules are also produced during glycolysis. What is the symbols of these hydrogen-carrying molecules? - ✔✔NADPH Does glycolysis occur inside or outside the mitochondria? - ✔✔Outside According to Model 2, what happens to pyruvic acid during the Kreb's cycle? - ✔✔It turns into 3 molecules of carbon dioxide. According to Model 2, where does the change identified in the previous question occur? - ✔✔Mitochondrial matrix.
Note the number of atoms of carbon in pyruvic acid and explain why three molecules of carbon dioxide are produced. - ✔✔Each pyruvic acid molecule contains 3 carbon atoms and each carbon dioxide molecule contains only 1. 3 x 1= 3 Considering the glycolysis produces 2 pyruvic acid molecules per glucose molecule, how many total CO molecules will be produced from the complete breakdown of each glucose molecule? Show a mathematical equation to support your answer. - ✔✔6 because each pyruvic acid has 3 carbons and 2 pyruvic molecules are produced. (3 x 2 =6) What 2 hydrogen carrying molecules are formed during the Kreb's cycle? - ✔✔NADH, FADH Glycolysis - ✔✔ATP- 2 NADH-2 FADH2- 0 Kreb's cycle (1st pyruvic acid) - ✔✔ATP- 1 NADH- 4 FADH2- 1 Kreb's cycle (2nd pyruvic acid) - ✔✔ATP- 1 NADH- 4 FADH2- 1 What cell structure is the site for the electron transport chain? - ✔✔Inner Mitochondrial Membrane What substance do the carrier proteins transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane? - ✔✔H+ What high energy molecules are formed by the electron transport chain? - ✔✔ATP What atom accepts the hydrogen ion at the end of the electron transport chain? - ✔✔Oxygen What molecule is formed as a product of that acceptance? - ✔✔Water Formulate an explanation for why the events of the ETC constitute an aerobic process rather than an anaerobic process (like glycolysis) - ✔✔The ETC is an aerobic process because it requires oxygen.
Recall that two molecules of ATP are formed during glycolysis. Neither fermentation process shown above creates any more ATP. Knowing this, what would you Predict about the cellular energy available to organisms that carry out fermentation? - ✔✔They don't need much energy since glycolysis produces only a little ATP & fermentation produced none. Research the relationship between overexertion of muscles and the formation of lactic acid. How does this relate to "the burn" felt during strenuous activity? - ✔✔When muscles require more energy aerobically, they switch to anaerobic respiration, the lactic acid produced builds up & produces a burning sensation in the muscles. What common foods involve the process of fermentation? Use your text or other resource to make a list of the foods and the specific organic organisms used. - ✔✔Cheese- various fungi Bread- Saccharomyces cerevisiae & other yeasts Yogurt- various bacteria