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test 1 Material Type: Notes; Professor: Buckalew; Class: The Unity of Life; Subject: Biology; University: Longwood University; Term: Fall 2010;
Typology: Study notes
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Chapter 1 Biology is defined as the study of life Characteristics of living things
Interactions hierarchy, emergent properties emerge Interactions between molecules, cells, organisms, etc result in a system beyond the sum of its parts This makes the process of life difficult to define Science= Latin for “to know” Charles Darwin- sought natural rather than supernatural causes for the unity/diversity of nature and in doing so revolutionized biology. Published the then controversial book on the origin of species... etc in 1859 Aeolian
Molecular theory- “Central Dogma of molecular biology”
Carbon’s bonding capacity is high (valence of 4) and forms covalent bonds A lot of energy in covalent bonds, when covalent bonds are broken, some energy is trapped between ADP+P yielding ATP Carbon linkages:
Carbohydrates (sugars)
Antiparallelism affects DNA replication, protein synthesis and cell division DNA/ RNA polymerase reads DNA from 3’ to 5’ direction but only replicates in the 5’ to 3’ direction RNA= single chain of polymers and neucleotides (RNA has ribose- 1 oxygen added) AUGC 3 forms of RNA:
Lipids:
Pro (before)karyotic cells- bacteria (no nucleus) Eu(true)karyotic cells- plants, animals, algae, fungi Karyon= kernel or nucleus Prokaryotic cells are about 1-10 um in length (1 millionth meter) Eukaryotic cells are about 10-100 um in length Most cells are microscopic although vertebrate egg cells are large enough to be seen with the naked eye. Limitation to cell size limited by surface area 100um is about the limit PRO: