Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Cell Theory and Components: Understanding Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells, Summaries of Communication

An overview of cell theory and the components of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Topics include the three principles of cell theory, the structure and function of the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, dna, and energy utilization in cells.

What you will learn

  • What are the three principles of cell theory?
  • What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane in cells?
  • What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of structure and components?

Typology: Summaries

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

anahitay
anahitay 🇺🇸

4.7

(16)

255 documents

1 / 4

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
1
Chapter 4:
Cell Structure and Function
Cell theory
Cell theory has three components:
1. Every living organism has
at least one cell.
2. The cell is the smallest
unit of life
3. Only living cells can give
rise to new cells
mitosis or meiosis
1. Every organism is made of cell(s)
Prokaryotic cells
Bacteria, Archaea
Prokaryotic cells
Have NO nucleus
Have no membrane bound
organelles
1. Every organism is made of cell(s)
Eukaryotic cells contain:
a membrane bound
nucleus
DNA that is contained
within the nucleus
membrane bound
organelles.
All eukarya (& protists)
have one or more
eukaryotic cells
2. Smallest unit of life
The cell is the smallest unit that has all the
characteristics of life discussed in chapter 1
DNA
Energy utilization
Response to changes
Evolutionary change
Growth and development
3. Only cells can give rise to cells
Cells are created by cell
replication
Mitosis (except germ cells)
Meiosis (germ cells only)
pf3
pf4

Partial preview of the text

Download Cell Theory and Components: Understanding Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and more Summaries Communication in PDF only on Docsity!

Chapter 4: Cell Structure and Function

Cell theory

Cell theory has three components:

1. Every living organism has

at least one cell.

2. The cell is the smallest

unit of life

3. Only living cells can give

rise to new cells

mitosis or meiosis

1. Every organism is made of cell(s)

  • Prokaryotic cells Bacteria, Archaea
  • Prokaryotic cells Have NO nucleus

Have no membrane bound organelles

1. Every organism is made of cell(s)

  • Eukaryotic cells contain: a membrane bound nucleus

DNA that is contained within the nucleus

membrane bound organelles.

  • All eukarya (& protists) have one or more eukaryotic cells

2. Smallest unit of life

  • The cell is the smallest unit that has all the

characteristics of life discussed in chapter 1

DNA

Energy utilization

Response to changes

Evolutionary change

Growth and development

3. Only cells can give rise to cells

  • Cells are created by cell

replication

Mitosis (except germ cells)

Meiosis (germ cells only)

4.2 Cell components

  • All prokaryotic and eukaryotic

cells have these components:

Plasma membrane Even plant cells have plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

DNA

The ability to obtain and utilize energy.

Plasma membrane

Plasma Membrane: Thin barrier separating inside of cell (cytoplasm) from outside environment

Function:

  1. Isolate cell’s contents from outside environment

  2. Regulate exchange of substances between inside and outside of cell

  3. Allows communication and interaction with other cells

All prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane Even plant cells (though plants are special)

Phospholipid Bilayer : Double layer of phospholipids

  • Lipid tails of phospholipids are unsaturated (C = C)
  • Hydrophilic ends form outer border
  • Hydrophobic tails form inner layer

Cytoplasm

  • Cytoplasm

All material and structures that lie inside of the plasma membrane, except for the nucleus. Cytosol

Salts and organic materials

Organelles

  • Cytosol

The fluid component of cytoplasm.

DNA

  • Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) Genetic material, aka the hereditary blueprint.
  • All living organisms have DNA as their genetic

material.

Some viruses use RNA, but viruses are currently considered non-living by most scientists.

Nucleus Nucleoid vs nucleus

  • Nucleus is membrane

bound, the nucleoid is not.

  • Nucleoids are found in

prokaryotic cells only.

  • The membrane bound

nucleus is found in

eukaryotic cells only.

Cells are really small

  • Cells are very small due to

surface to volume ratios

  • Large cells will have a

greater volume

 Greater nutrient and waste elimination needs.

This requires a GREATER surface area.