



Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Definitions and explanations of various terms related to cell respiration, including the atp/adp cycle, nad & fad nucleotide cofactors, anaerobic and aerobic respiration, glycolysis, substrate-level phosphorylation, and the mitochondrion structure and reactions. Additionally, it covers the stages of mitosis, including interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
Typology: Quizzes
1 / 6
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Cellular respiration (also known as 'oxidative metabolism') is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in organisms' cells to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 Transfer chemical energy between reactions TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 Used in redox reactions Transfer electrons/H+ from one reaction to another TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 Does not require O2 Found in all cells Oldest type of respiration Does not release a substantial amount of ATP - Substrate-level phosphorylation Killed by O2 if they cannot hide TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 Does use O2 Found only in some organisms Newest type of respiration Gives off CO2 as waste Releases a lot of ATP - Substrate-level phosphorylation - Oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO + H+. TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 Transfers phosphate group to make ATP Involves coupled reactions Makes one ATP at a time TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 First steps are endergonic - energy supplied by ATP 6C molecule split into 2 molecules of 3C each TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 Energy harvested - Electrons transferred to coenzyme NAD+ If there's more energy... - more energy can be harvested from pyruvate - Cell moves pyruvate into mitochondria TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 Removes C (as CO2) from pyruvate Capture energy by electronics, form NADH Remaining 2 C molecules attach to coenzyme A
Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic pathway that uses energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 Protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane Controls H+ movement Makes ATP as H+ moves down its gradient TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 Found in nucleus "Tangle of threads" called chromatin Directs cell activities TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 Chromatin is the combination of DNA, histone, and other proteins that makes up chromosomes. TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 G1, S, G2 Checkpoints in G1 and G2 that decide if cell continues to mitosis DNA copies itself in S
Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two nuclei. TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 Divides cytoplasm between two new cells In males, divided equally In females, divided unequally TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 Longest phase Chromatin coils up Microtubules turn into spindles Nuclear envelope "disappears" Spindle apparatus completed TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 Spindle fibers move chromosomes to middle of cell Chromosomes pulled by centromere TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 Spindle fibers pull identical chromosomes apart