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Cell Recognition and the Immune System Mind Map, Schemes and Mind Maps of Immunology

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2020/2021

Uploaded on 06/01/2021

torley
torley 🇺🇸

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2.4 CELL RECOGNITION
AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Cell recognition
Non-
specific
response
Specific
response
Physical barriers
e.g. skin
Phagocytosis
Chemical
barriers e.g.
stomach
acid
Phagocytes = type of
white blood cell
Chemoattractant
s from pathogens
or abnormal
cells Phagocytes
recognise the
pathogen and
ingest it
Phagosome
Lysosomes release
lysozymes into the
phagosome
Phagolysosome
Pathogen is
hydrolysed
Contents are
released
(exocytosis) or
absorbed
Proteins on
cell
membrane
Allow the immune
system to recognise
own cells and non-
self cells
Pathogens Cells from another
membrane of same species
Toxins
Abnormal body
cells e.g.
cancer cells
Antigen -
molecule
recognised as
non-self
Causes an
immune
response
Cell-mediated
response
Humoral
response
Antigen-presenting
cells
Helper T cells
have receptors
specific for the
antigen
Activation
and clonal
expansion
Stimulates
cytotoxic T cells,
B cells and
phagocytes
Cytotoxic cells
kill infected or
abnormal cells
Within cells
Within body fluids
B cell with antibody
specific for antigen
presents foreign
antigen on cell
surface
Helper T cell
with specific
receptor binds
to B cell Clonal
expansion of
B cells
Plasma B cells
produce secrete
antibodies
Memory B
cells
Divide rapidly upon
re-infection and
become plasma
cells
One B cell
produces one
type of
antibody
Monoclonal
antibodies
ELISA test
Basis of active
vaccination
HIV and
AIDS
https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
https://bit.ly/pmt-cc

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2.4 CELL RECOGNITION

AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Cell recognition

Non-

specific

response

Specific

response

Physical barriers

e.g. skin

Phagocytosis

Chemical

barriers e.g.

stomach

acid

Phagocytes = type of Chemoattractant white blood cell s from pathogens or abnormal cells Phagocytes recognise the pathogen and ingest it

Lysosomes release^ Phagosome lysozymes into the phagosome

Phagolysosome

Pathogen is hydrolysed

Contents are released (exocytosis) or absorbed

Proteins on

cell

membrane

Allow the immune

system to recognise

own cells and non-

self cells

Pathogens

Cells from another membrane of same species

Toxins

Abnormal body cells e.g. cancer cells

Antigen -

molecule

recognised as

non-self

Causes an immune response

Cell-mediated

response

Humoral

response

Antigen-presenting cells

Helper T cells have receptors specific for the antigen

Activation and clonal expansion

Stimulates cytotoxic T cells, B cells and phagocytes

Cytotoxic cells kill infected or abnormal cells

Within cells

Within body fluids

B cell with antibody specific for antigen presents foreign antigen on cell surface

Helper T cell with specific receptor binds to B cell (^) Clonal expansion of B cells

Plasma B cells produce secrete antibodies

Memory B cells

Divide rapidly upon re-infection and become plasma cells

One B cell produces one type of antibody

Monoclonal antibodies

ELISA test

Basis of active vaccination

HIV and AIDS

https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc