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Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps
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Phagocytes = type of Chemoattractant white blood cell s from pathogens or abnormal cells Phagocytes recognise the pathogen and ingest it
Lysosomes release^ Phagosome lysozymes into the phagosome
Phagolysosome
Pathogen is hydrolysed
Contents are released (exocytosis) or absorbed
Pathogens
Cells from another membrane of same species
Toxins
Abnormal body cells e.g. cancer cells
Causes an immune response
Antigen-presenting cells
Helper T cells have receptors specific for the antigen
Activation and clonal expansion
Stimulates cytotoxic T cells, B cells and phagocytes
Cytotoxic cells kill infected or abnormal cells
Within cells
Within body fluids
B cell with antibody specific for antigen presents foreign antigen on cell surface
Helper T cell with specific receptor binds to B cell (^) Clonal expansion of B cells
Plasma B cells produce secrete antibodies
Memory B cells
Divide rapidly upon re-infection and become plasma cells
One B cell produces one type of antibody
Monoclonal antibodies
ELISA test
Basis of active vaccination
HIV and AIDS
https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc