Cell and Molecular Biology Exam 1
Types of molecules that make up cells
proteins (amino acids), carbohydrates (sugars), lipids, nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
Characteristics of all cells
DNA, Inside/outside (cytoplasm/outside), membrane, RNA, proteins
Differences between cells
cellular organelles, shape (within/among), function (within/among)
Cells vary in appearance and function, but they all have the same basic what?
chemistry (central dogma: DNA>RNA>Proteins)
Properties of life
made of cells, sense and respond to stimuli, require energy for metabolism, reproduce,
homeostasis (inside and outside), have metabolism
Biological definition for homeostasis
expending energy to maintain internal environment
Who discovered cells and when?
Robert Hooke in 1665
What did Schleiden and Schwann propose?
cells compose all parts of plants and animals (1830s)
Who (and how) was it discovered that cells did not spontaneously generate?
Pasteur in the swan neck flask experiment in 1860s
What did Virchow propose?
cells grow and all cells arise from preexisting cells
What are the 7 parts of modern cell theory?
1. all organisms are made of 1 or more cells; 2. the cell is the basic unit of life in all
living things; 3. all cells are produced by division of preexisting cells; 4. cells contain
hereditary information (DNA) that is passed from one cell to another; 5. all cells are
basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities; 6. all basic
chemical and physical functions are carried out inside cell; 7. cell activity depends on
activities of sub-cellular structure within cell (organelles)
3 domains of life (in order of when they appeared). What did all three arise from?
bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes. A single protocell (almost cell)
Theory of Eukaryotes
in and endosymbiotic event, an archaeal cell ate a bacterial cell and bacteria became a
mitochondrion, which is why they have DNA
