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CDRE Pediatrics Exam Questions With Complete Solutions ______ _______ is a form of folate that is found in vitamin supplements and is man made. It can be hard to get enough folate from food alone so taking a _______ _______ supplement before, during and after pregnancy is important Correct Answers Folic acid ______ servings of meats and alt. are recommended by CFG for adult men and women Correct Answers 2 ________ __________ can have symptoms such as -Fewer then 2 stools/week -Large,infrequent stools that can block the toilet -Large amount of fecal matter in the rectum -Poor appetite that improves when large stool is passed -Pain when passing stool -Postures that show the child is trying to avoid passing stool (on tip toes with arched back) -Straining when having a bowel movement -Anal pain and anal fissures -Bleeding when passing stool -Soiling or fecal incontinence Correct Answers Chronic constipation ________ is an excellent source of Omega-3 fat, which is important for your baby's brain development Correct Answers Fish _____________ is an essential fat found in plant sources like nuts, seeds and soy Correct Answers ALA
_________________ is a type of bacteria that can cause serious food-borne illness during pregnancy which can be harmful to your baby. Women who are pregnant are at a higher risk of becoming ill from _________ Correct Answers Listeria _______seed and _________seed oil should be limited to the amounts commonly found in foods Correct Answers Flax -_______ ____________ is a reaction to the protein in milk -_______ _________ is when someone doesn't have enough of the enzyme __________ Correct Answers -Milk allergy
- Lactose intolerance 4 signs let moms know their baby is ready for solid food, these include....
- Has good _________ control
- Can ________ ________ and lean forward
- Can pick up food and try to put it in their mouth
- Can turn her ________ away to let you know she is full Correct Answers Head Sit up Head A __________ ___________ occurs when the immune system mistakes a specific protein (an ____________) in a food as harmful. Correct Answers Food allergy allergen A balanced diet rich in _______ _______ and ________ vegetables and fruit provides enough Vitamin A for the healthy
By _______ months your baby should be able to eat from family meals in modified sizes and textures to prevent choking Correct Answers 12 Caffeine should be limited to _______mg per day or ______ cups (_____mL) of coffee or _______ cups of black tea for pregnant women Correct Answers 300mg 2 cups (500mL) six Calcium helps develop^...... -Teeth -_________
- Muscles Correct Answers Bones Nerves Can my child use soy formula if they are allergic to milk? Correct Answers Yes but only up to a year then they need more calcium through a fortified soy milk Canada's Food Guide recommends _____-____ servings of fruits and veg/d for adult men and women Correct Answers 7- CFG recommends ____-___ servings of grain products/d for adult men and women Correct Answers 6- CFG recommends at least _____ servings of fish/week for adults? Correct Answers 2
Children with _________ _________ _______ (ASD) may be more sensitive to taste, smell, texture and appearance of food and the sounds and distractions around them. This can lead to feeding problems such as picky eating and nutrient deficiencies Correct Answers Autism spectrum disorder Children with ASD often have low levels of _________ because they can be picky eaters and may need to take a supplement Correct Answers Iron Chronic constipation may also be a symptom of what? Correct Answers Milk allergy -If the constipation persists after trying every other recommendation then it may be a milk allergy Clinical assessment for FTT is recommended for babies when? Correct Answers For babies who lose more than 10% of their birth weight or do not return to their birth weight after 3 week During the second and third trimester add ________ - ______ additional CFG servings each day Correct Answers 2- Even if your baby doesn't have a bowel movement for several days it is not constipated if her stools are _________ and pain free Correct Answers Soft Failure to Thrive is suggested by a reduction in one or more __________ spaces on the ________ _________ _________ growth chart Correct Answers Percentiles World Health Organization (WHO)
How can FTT be treated? Correct Answers -Important to make sure the child is eating an adequate amount by making meal times a positive occurrence with positive reinforcement -Child may have underlying issues such as reflux, IBS etc. this should be treated How do iron recommendations vary for premature infants and low-birth weight infants? Correct Answers An iron supplement will likely be given from 8 weeks until 1 year of age How long does it take for alcohol to naturally leave the breast milk? Correct Answers 2-3 hours How long does short term constipation last and what relieves it most of the time? Correct Answers No longer then two weeks and it is relieved with adding more fibre and fluids to the diet How long is breastfeeding recommended to last? Correct Answers 2 years - at least 6 months exclusively How much healthy fat should adult men and women aim for in a day for cooking and spreading? Correct Answers 2-3 tbsp If a pregnant woman chooses to have liver how much should she limit it to per week? Correct Answers Have no more than 75g ( 2 1/2 ounces) per week If moms are concerned about feeding their baby common food allergens what is the best strategy for approaching these foods?
Correct Answers -Give these foods one at a time, wait 2 days before offering another one and watch for symptoms If you are a smoker how much extra Vitamin C do you require and why? Correct Answers 35mg/d Vitamin C and other vitamins are destroyed by the effects of smoking but Vitamin C receives the worst damage Smokers need extra Vitamin C to make up for the damage done to your cells by smoking If you don't have enough folate you can get a type of _______________ Correct Answers Anemia If your child has a milk allergy they may need to take Vit. ______ and _______ supplements Correct Answers Vit. D and calcium In Canada folic acid is added to _____ _____, enriched ______ and cornmeal products Correct Answers -white flour -pasta In order to meet calcium needs during pregnancy mom`s should have ____ servings of milk and alternatives daily Correct Answers 2 Iron rich foods should be offered ____ or more times/d Correct Answers 2 Iron rich foods that can be given to baby include what? ( options) Correct Answers - Soft, pureed, mashed meat, low mercury fish
Omega 3's are made up of _________ _________ _________ (ALA) and ________ and DHA Correct Answers -Alpha linolenic acid
- EPA One standard drink of beer is considered ______mL or 12 oz. bottle Correct Answers 341 mL One standard glass of 40% liquor is _____mL or 1.5 oz shot of Correct Answers 43 Other factors that can cause chronic constipation include.... -Fever -____________
- Changes in diet or fluids intake
- Changed in _______ training
- Family history of constipation Correct Answers -Dehydration -Toilet -Medications Pregnant women 19+ should aim for intake of ______mcg/d of folate and stay below __________mcg/d Correct Answers 600 mcg/d 1000 mcg/d Pregnant women should not consume unpasteurized fruit juice or ___________ Correct Answers Cider Some factors can make constipation more likely to occur, these include....
- When ___________ are introduced
- Changes in _______ i.e. starting daycare
- __________ from breast milk Correct Answers -Solids -Routines -Weaning Some fish can be high in _______. High amounts of ________ can be harmful to a growing brain so choosing fish low in _____ should be done more often Correct Answers Mercury Some possible signs of chronic constipation include....
- Fewer than ____ stools [er week -Stools that look like ___________ droppings Correct Answers
- 3
- rabbit Take a MVM that has _____-20mg of iron to ensure iron needs are met (some woman may need more then this) Correct Answers 16 The first step to relieving chronic constipation is _______________ then it is important to offer fibre rich foods, fluids and encourage healthy toileting routines and PA Correct Answers Medication The following herbs have been deemed safe during pregnancy in foods and herbal teas (2-3 cups/d)....
- bitter orange/orange peel
- Echinacea
True or false: all herbal products should be avoided during pregnancy as there is not enough research to deem them safe? Correct Answers False True or False: breast milk provides enough iron for babies for the first few months of life? Correct Answers True, breast milk provides enough iron up to 6 months of age, then they require iron from solid foods True or False: Breastfeeding your baby can help prevent the development of food allergy? Correct Answers True True or False: During the first trimester following CFG for the specified age group is the best way to ensure your baby develops properly Correct Answers True True or False: EPA is needed to make ALA and DHA Correct Answers False ALA is needed to make EPA and DHA True or False: for adult men/women CFG recommends 3 servings of milk and alt.? Correct Answers False 2 servings True or False: Health Canada recommends that all children under the age of 16 should avoid energy drinks d/t caffeine and sweetener content? Correct Answers False Kids under the age of 18 years old should avoid energy drinks True or False: Iron in your baby's meal can be increased by cooking it in a cast iron pan Correct Answers True
True or False: Mercury can build up in adults over time which can damage the brain, kidney and heart? Correct Answers True True or False: most babies will need an iron supplement? Correct Answers False Most babies do not need an iron supplement True or False: Most children if they have a balanced diet and consume cows milk or milk alternatives fortified with Vitamin D do not need to take a vitamin or mineral supplement? Correct Answers True True or False: Research suggests that introducing peanut and cooked egg at 6 months of age is particularly helpful for reducing risk of a food allergy developing to these foods? Correct Answers True True or false: rice and almond milk may also be used as an alternative to cow's milk if your child is allergic to cow's milk? Correct Answers False These are low in protein and fat and many are not fortified with calcium and vitamin D True or False: Severe eczema can increase the risk for developing a food allergy Correct Answers True True or False: small amounts of mercury in fish don't cause harm however high amounts can cause harm to unborn babies and young kids developing nervous system? Correct Answers True
- Mango Correct Answers Oranges Berries Prunes Vitamin C rich vegetables include...
- Green and red peppers
- Brussel sprouts
- Green peas
- _____________ Correct Answers Cabbage Broccoli Tomatoes What 4 nutrients are particularly important during pregnancy Correct Answers 1. Folate
- Iron
- Calcium
- Omega 3 What food is commonly given to infants 6-12 months old to help with constipation? Correct Answers Prunes What foods contain EPA and DHA? Correct Answers - Animal based foods like fish What if cow's milk is my baby's main source of nutrition not breast milk? Correct Answers Do not offer more then 3 cups/d, this can fill up baby and won't leave enough room for food
What is Failure to Thrive? Correct Answers Refers to low weight for the child's age or low rate of increase in weight May also refer to failure to grow and/or gain weight What is foremilk? Correct Answers The milk released at the beginning of the feeding What is hind milk? Correct Answers Milk released towards the end of feeding What is one standard glass of wine? Correct Answers 142 mL or 5 oz What is the best way to prevent chronic constipation? Correct Answers To notice and treat acute constipation right away What is the main role of Folate? Correct Answers It helps make red blood cells What is the most common cause of chronic constipation in kids? Correct Answers Having a painful bowel movement. To avoid this pain the next time the child feels the urge to have a bowel movement he may hold the stool in. Over time this can become an automatic response for the child which leads to chronic constipation What long term benefits are there to breastfeeding for mom? Correct Answers Lowers chance of getting.... -Type 2 diabetes
- Breast and ovarian cancer
- High blood pressure
When should solid foods be offered during the day and how much? Correct Answers Let the baby take the lead. You can offer before or after breastfeeding to see if she is interested Which 3 populations especially should limit their intake of mercury containing foods? Correct Answers - Pregnant and breastfeeding women
- Women who may become pregnant
- Young children Which dairy foods are usually safer choices during pregnancy? Correct Answers - hard cheese (parmesan, cheddar, swiss)
- processed cheese and spreads
- cream cheese
- cottage cheese
- yogurt made from pasteurized milk Which meat product is very high in Vitamin A? Correct Answers Liver Which type of milk, foremilk or hind milk is higher in fat content? Correct Answers Hind milk
- fat globules stick to the alveoli where they are produced and get left behind as the thinner, more liquid fore milk leaves and is then taken with the hind milk at the end of feeding when the milk is more concentrated in fat Who is folate especially important for and why? Correct Answers - Infants -Children -Women who are pregnant
- Helps prevent some birth defects Why is getting enough iron during pregnancy so important Correct Answers Iron builds new red blood cells and helps them carry oxygen. During pregnancy the amount of blood we have increases to meet the needs of both the mother and the baby. The iron eaten during pregnancy will help build up the baby`s stores so she has enough when she is born Women should avoid ________ fish, shellfish, sushi, oysters, clams and mussels when they are pregnant Correct Answers Raw Women who could become pregnant, are pregnant or are breastfeeding should take a daily folic acid supplement of _____mcg or _____mg Correct Answers 400 mcg or 0.4 mg Women who may become pregnant, are pregnant and/or breastfeeding or babies less than a year old or kids 1-11 years should limit high mercury fish to what amount? Correct Answers 1 cup per month
