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What is the IEEE of Bluetooth? -- Answer ✔✔ 802.15 WPAN What is WiMAX and it IEEE? -- Answer ✔✔ - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
- IEEE 802.16 WWAN In cellular broadband there are two types of cellular networks, what are they? -- Answer ✔✔ Global System for Mobile (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). GSM is internationally recognized, while CDMA is primarily used in the US. Typically, it is used by rural homeowners and businesses where cable and DSL are not available. It is usually more expensive and requires a clear line of sight. -- Answer ✔✔ Satellite Broadband What is the 802.11 WLAN? -- Answer ✔✔ WiFi/wireless devices are based on IEEE
set of protocols and wireless local area network (WLAN) Wi-Fi computer communication in various frequencies
- Radio frequency is 2.4 GHz What is the 802.11a? -- Answer ✔✔ 5 Ghz frequency band IEEE standard for transmitting data over a wireless network. What are the two allocated radio frequency in 802.11 wireless LANs? -- Answer ✔✔ 2.4GHz and 5GHz
Which 802.11 standards exclusively use the 5 GHz radio frequency? -- Answer ✔✔ 802.11a 802.11ac Which of the wireless networks typically uses lower powered transmitters for short ranges? -- Answer ✔✔ WPAN In wireless, what does AP stand for? -- Answer ✔✔ Access Point What does SSID stand for? -- Answer ✔✔ shared service set identifier (SSID) The wireless router advertises its wireless services by sending ______________containing its shared service set identifier (SSID) -- Answer ✔✔ Beacons What does QoS stand for and what does it do? -- Answer ✔✔ Quality of Service is a feature of routers and switches which prioritizes traffic so that more important traffic can pass first. What does WAP stand for and what is it exactly? -- Answer ✔✔ Wireless Access Point more generally just an access point, is a networking hardware devices that allows other Wi-Fi devices to connect to a wired network. What does Wi-Fi stand for? -- Answer ✔✔ Wireless Fidelity technically, this is not the case. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked term meaning IEEE 802.11x. What is an Autonomous AP? -- Answer ✔✔ - Standalone devices like a home router. Where the entire WLAN configuration resides on the device.
- Sometimes called thick APs
- do not require a controller to control the AP and it use WLSE for management software
- use for a network that requires only a couple of access points. What does WLC stand for? -- Answer ✔✔ Wireless LAN Controller
Data formats shared between smart devices often use an Application Programming Interface (API There are four types of web service APIs -- Answer ✔✔ Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) Representational State Transfer (REST) eXtensible Markup Language-Remote Procedure Call (XML-RPC) JavaScript Object Notation-Remote Procedure Call (JSON-RPC) Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is what? -- Answer ✔✔ The physical separation of the network control plane from the forwarding plane, and where a control plane controls several devices. dynamic, manageable, cost-effective, and adaptable What is FTP and it port number? -- Answer ✔✔ File Transfer Protocol Port 20, 21 Provides reliability when loading an IOS image upon boot up What is SSH and it port number? -- Answer ✔✔ Secure Shell Protocol port 22 What is telnet port number? -- Answer ✔✔ 23 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and port number -- Answer ✔✔ port 25 DNS (Domain Name System) port number -- Answer ✔✔ 53 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) port number -- Answer ✔✔ 80 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) port number -- Answer ✔✔ 161 What protocols are reliable, connection oriented and use TCP? -- Answer ✔✔ FTP, SSH, Telnet, SMTP, DNS, HTTP, POP3, NTP, IMAP4, HTTPS
What protocols are unreliable, connectionless and use UDP? -- Answer ✔✔ DNS, DHCP, TFTP, SNMP What is DHCP? -- Answer ✔✔ A protocol used to automate the assignment of IP Address. It stands for Dynamic Host Control Protocol and is the successor to BOOTP. DHCP port number -- Answer ✔✔ 67 What is HSRP? -- Answer ✔✔ HSRP stands for Hot Standby Router Protocol, it was designed for gateway redundancy without addition config on end devices. Routers configured with HSRP present themselves as a single virtual default gateway.
- It is Cisco Proprietary
- has one active router and one standby router What does VRRP stand for? -- Answer ✔✔ Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol Has one master router and multiple backup routers What is VRRP virtual MAC address? -- Answer ✔✔ 0000.5E00.01xx 0000.5E00.01xx, where xx is the value ID for the VRRP group number What is FHRP? -- Answer ✔✔ First-Hop Redundancy Protocol In show ip route command, what letter represents EIGRP? -- Answer ✔✔ D In show ip route command, what letter represents OSPF? -- Answer ✔✔ O In show ip route command, what letter represents directly connected routes? -- Answer ✔✔ C In show ip route command, what letter represents static route? -- Answer ✔✔ S In show ip route command, what letter/symbol represents default routes? -- Answer ✔✔ * on a route such as S * 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via Fast Ethernet 0/
is lost. When they are connected to the controller, they can also send traffic back to the
controller. In the connected mode, the FlexConnect access point can also perform local
- Number of host on a /24 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 256; 255.255.255. authentication.
- Number of host on a /23 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 512; 255.255.254.
- Host on a /22 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 1024; 255.255.252.
- Host on a /21 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 2048; 255.255.248.
- Host on a /19 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 8192; 255.255.224.
- Host on a /18 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 16384; 255.255.192.
- Host on a /25 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 128; 255.255.255.
- Host on a /26 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 64; 255.255.255.
- Host on a /27 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 32; 255.255.255.
- Host on a /28 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 16; 255.255.255.
- Host on a /29 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 8; 255.255.255.
- Host on a /30 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 4; 255.255.255.
- Host on a /31 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 2; 255.255.255.
- Host on a /32 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 1; 255.255.255.
- Host on a /17 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 32768; 255.255.128.
- Host on a /16 and it subnet mask -- Answer ✔✔ 65536; 255.255.0.
What is the reserved ranges on RFC 1918? -- Answer ✔✔ 10.0.0.0-10.255.255. 172.16.0.0-172.31.255. 192.168.0.0-192.168.255. What is the reserved range for loopback addresses? -- Answer ✔✔ 127.0.0.0- 127.255.255. What is the Class A range of addresses? -- Answer ✔✔ 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255. What is the Class B range of addresses? -- Answer ✔✔ 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255. What is the Class C range of addresses? -- Answer ✔✔ 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255. What do unique local IPv6 unicast prefix always begin with? -- Answer ✔✔ FD or FC Because the first 7 bits of a unique local unicast address are always 1111110 They cannot be aggregable nor summarized. What is the address range if a host IP cannot obtain a network address via DHCP? -- Answer ✔✔ 169.254.1.0 to 169.254.254. What protocol uses UDP and TCP? -- Answer ✔✔ DNS (Domain Name System) IPv6 multicast address? -- Answer ✔✔ FF00::/ IPv6 Unicast Link-Local address -- Answer ✔✔ FF80::/ Link local addresses are unicast addresses used for communication over a __________ link -- Answer ✔✔ single Link local addresses in IPv6 are used to form what? -- Answer ✔✔ Neighbor adjacencies Global IPv6 unicast addresses, also known as aggregable global address, do they form neighbor adjacency? -- Answer ✔✔ NO. They do NOT form neighbor adjacency.
Layer 2 MAC address of the AP is used to uniquely ID each BSS which is called a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID). In 802.11 wireless topology, what is ESS in infrastructure? -- Answer ✔✔ Extended Service Set ESS is ID by a SSID and each BSS is ID by its BSSID. When you need more coverage, two or more BSS can join through a common distribution system (DS) into an ESS. The whole covered area is called an Extended Service Area (ESA). A client in one BSA can now communicate with other clients in another BSA within the same ESS. Like a roaming cell phone user may move from one BSA to another and it would be seamless Since WLAN are half-duplex, what do we use to avoid collision? -- Answer ✔✔ (CSMA/CA) carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance. What is the port number of RADIUS? -- Answer ✔✔ 1812 for authentication 1813 for accounting 1645/1646 for UDP ports AD of directly connected routing -- Answer ✔✔ 0 AD of static route -- Answer ✔✔ 1 AD of internal EIGRP -- Answer ✔✔ 90 AD of OSPF -- Answer ✔✔ 110 AD of RIP -- Answer ✔✔ 120 AD of External EIGRP -- Answer ✔✔ 170 What parameter does RIP use to calculate metric? -- Answer ✔✔ Hop count What parameter does EGIRP use to calculate metric? -- Answer ✔✔ bandwidth, delay
What parameter does OSPF use to calculate metric? -- Answer ✔✔ cost Characteristic of distance vector? -- Answer ✔✔ - sends entire routing table
- slow convergence
- doesn't know network topology
- simpler to configure
- examples: RIP, IGRP Characteristics of Link state? -- Answer ✔✔ - sends only link state information
- fast convergence
- less susceptible to routing loops
- always uses multicast for the routing updates
- knows the entire network topology
- can be harder to configure
- examples: OSPF, IS-IS Characteristics of CDP? -- Answer ✔✔ - 60 second update frequency
- 180 second hold timer (the top end timer is 255)
- enabled by default
- L2 protocol
- Cisco proprietary
- Can convey VTP information Characteristics of LLDP? -- Answer ✔✔ - 30 second update frequency
- 120 second hold timer
- disabled by default
- L2 protocol
- Open standard protocol What is the default mode of VTP when on a new switch? -- Answer ✔✔ Server mode What is EIGRP? -- Answer ✔✔ Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. Is an advanced distance vector routing protocol. EIGRP supports classless routing and VLSM, route summarization, incremental updates, load balancing and many other useful
What does the CAM table use to populate it? -- Answer ✔✔ The source MAC address Switches make forwarding decisions based on the_______ contained in a frame's header. -- Answer ✔✔ Destination MAC Address What is SaaS? -- Answer ✔✔ Software as services enables it consumer to access applications running in the cloud infrastructure but does not enable the consumer to manage the cloud infrastructure or the configs of the provided applications. A good example is a company license an office suite, including email service, that is delivered to the end user through a web browser. What is IaaS? -- Answer ✔✔ Infrastructure as a Service the greatest degree of freedom by enabling its consumer to provision processing, memory, storage and network resources within the cloud infrastructure. Customer does NOT have control over the physical infrastructure in the cloud. What is PaaS? -- Answer ✔✔ Platform as a Service provides it consumer with slightly more freedom than the SaaS model by enabling the consumer to install and possibly config provider supported applications in the cloud infrastructure. An example would be a company obtains a subscription to use a service provider's infrastructure, programming tools, and programming languages to develop and serve cloud based applications. What is GLBP? -- Answer ✔✔ Gateway Load Balancing Protocol Has one active virtual gateway and multiple active virtual forwarders Cisco proprietary similar to HSRP. Allows load-balancing. What is NAT? -- Answer ✔✔ Network Address Translation (NAT) is a protocol that translates public IP addresses to private IP addresses and vice-versa. NAT is often enabled on the Internet-facing firewall, and in home networks is usually running on the router. In Nat addressing what does the Inside Global Address display? -- Answer ✔✔ display an IP address that an inside host as seen by host on the outside network A valid public address that the inside host is given when it exits the NAT router.
In NAT addressing what does the Inside Local Address display? -- Answer ✔✔ display the IP address config on a host on the local network In NAT addressing what does the Outside Local Address display? -- Answer ✔✔ display the IP address of a host on the outside network as seen from a host on the inside network In NAT addressing what does the Outside Global Address display? -- Answer ✔✔ display the IP address config on a host on the outside network What is EtherChannel? -- Answer ✔✔ Etherchannel is a Cisco feature that allows you to combine several physical links (up to eight) into one logical connection for increased bandwidth. Data between the links is load-balanced, and Spanning Tree sees the logical link as one link; thus all physical ports are forwarding. Different interface types can't be bundled together such as gigabit can't be bundle with fast Ethernet What is LACP? -- Answer ✔✔ Link Aggregation Control Protocol bundle two or more identical, physical interfaces into a single logical link between switches
- Open Standard
- Only uses ACTIVE and PASSIVE mode What is STP? -- Answer ✔✔ Spanning Tree Protocol. Allows for multiple redundant paths while breaking loops. Operates at Data Link How does STP decide which switch will be the root switch? -- Answer ✔✔ the switch with the lowest BID Since by default all switches have the BID priority of 32768, the second comparison has to be made - the lowest MAC address. What steps does STP take to achieve convergence? -- Answer ✔✔ - Elect the root bridge, with the switch with the lowest BID
- Elect a root port for each nonroot switch, based on the lowest root path cost
- Elect a designated port for each segment, based on the lowest root path cost
- Root ports and designated ports transition to the forwarding state
- Supports MD5 Authentication How is the OSPF designated router (DR) get chosen? -- Answer ✔✔ Highest priority, then highest router ID (highest physical interface by default). The router with the second highest OSPF priority or router ID will become a BDR. In OSPF how is the router ID determined if not manually configured? -- Answer ✔✔ · Highest IP address among loopback interface · Then by highest IP address among physical interfaces In OSPF when the DR and BDR achieve FULL state with every router on the segment what will display for the other routers when you enter the show ip ospf neighbor command? -- Answer ✔✔ FULL/DROTHER Basically, DRother is a router that's neither a DR nor a BDR. OSPF what must match to be able to form adjacency? -- Answer ✔✔ - Timers/hello and dead timers
- Network Type/Netmask
- Area ID *PROCESS ID DO NOT HAVE TO MATCH OSPF what must be unique to form adjacency? -- Answer ✔✔ - IP Address
- Router ID *PROCESS ID DO NOT HAVE TO MATCH What is default-information originate? -- Answer ✔✔ The default gateway of last resort for the whole network if the routers don't know where to send the information. If it is configured on a router: OSPF will advertise that router's gateway of last resort to use. It will also make that router become the OSPF ASBR A router located between an OSPF routing domain and a non-OSPF routing network is called what? -- Answer ✔✔ autonomous system boundary router (ASBR) What is one of the reasons your routers are unable to form OSPF adjacency? -- Answer ✔✔ OSPF areas must match
Although you can config for a multiarea OSPF topology, OSPF areas on neighboring interfaces must match in order for two OSPF routers to form an adjacency. What order is the 802.3 frame? -- Answer ✔✔ PREAMBLE-SOF-DESTINATION ADDRESS-SOURCE ADDRESS-TYPE-PAYLOAD-FCS In OSPF what is BDR? -- Answer ✔✔ Backup Designated Router The BDR monitors the DR and takes over as DR if the current DR fails. In OSPF what is DR? -- Answer ✔✔ Designated Router The DR is responsible for updating all other OSPF routers when a change occurs in the multiaccess network. What must all areas connect to in multiarea OSPF? -- Answer ✔✔ The backbone area What does ABR stand for and what does it do in OSPF? -- Answer ✔✔ Area Border Router ABRs send interarea routes between areas. Single Area OSPF the process ID is___________ significant and does not have to match other OSPF routers to establish adjacency with those neighbors. -- Answer ✔✔ locally All OSPF routers within the same OSPF area must be config with the same _____________ on all routers -- Answer ✔✔ area ID How is OSPF router ID determined? -- Answer ✔✔ - Manually configured if not:
- highest IP address among loopback interfaces
- Then by highest IP address among physical interfaces QoS levels, what would voice be prioritized on? -- Answer ✔✔ Platinum QoS levels, what would video be prioritized on? -- Answer ✔✔ Gold QoS levels, what would the default setting be? -- Answer ✔✔ Silver
- does not advertise
- does not synchronize it configs What is root guard? -- Answer ✔✔ prevents introduced switches from being elected the new root What is BPDU guard? -- Answer ✔✔ This is used in conjunction with Portfast to prevent the Portfast enabled switchport from responding to STP updates that could destroy the current network STP configuration. When the STP update is received, this puts the switchport into error disabled mode until the administrator manually brings the switchport back up. What is PortFast? -- Answer ✔✔ reduces convergence time by placing edge ports into a forwarding state What is Loop guard? -- Answer ✔✔ prevents a switch port from transitioning to the forwarding state when it stops receiving BPDUs In EIGRP what is Feasible Distance (FD)? -- Answer ✔✔ The best metric along a path In EIGRP what is a successor? -- Answer ✔✔ A successor is the route with the best metric to reach a destination. That route is stored in the routing table In EIGRP, what is feasible successor? -- Answer ✔✔ A feasible successor is a backup path to reach that same destination that can be used immediately if the successor route fails. These backup routes are stored in the topology table. Loop-free EIGRP how is a feasible successor chosen? -- Answer ✔✔ the neighbor's advertised distance (AD) for the route must be less than the successor's feasible distance (FD). In EIGRP, what is the advertised distance (AD)? -- Answer ✔✔ The metric that the next-hop router has calculated EIGRP what algorithm does it use? -- Answer ✔✔ DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm) selects the best path and the second best path to the destination
EIGRP, how many seconds is a hello packet sent to maintain neighbor adjacency? -- Answer ✔✔ 5 seconds EIGRP, how many seconds is a hello packet sent on a multicast to keep neighbor adjacency? -- Answer ✔✔ 60 seconds In DHCP what is the ip helper-address command? -- Answer ✔✔ enables a DHCP relay agent on a router. Which OSI layer enables coding and conversion functions for application layer data? -- Answer ✔✔ Presentation Layer In OSI what does the session layer do? -- Answer ✔✔ used to create, manage, and terminate sessions between communicating nodes. It handles the service request and service responses that take place between different applications. In OSI, what does the transport layer do? -- Answer ✔✔ responsible for error-free and sequential delivery of data and flow control. In OSI, what does the network layer do? -- Answer ✔✔ defines a logical address that helps select the route to the destination If your ethernet 0/0 is up, line protocol is down what is the issue? -- Answer ✔✔ Data link layer issue but the physical layer of the interface is operational Virtual MAC address of HSRP version 1? -- Answer ✔✔ 0000.0C07.ACxx
. 0000.0C07.ACxx where xx is the group number Virtual MAC address of GLBP? -- Answer ✔✔ 0007.B400.xxyy 0007.B400.xxyy where xx is the GLBP group number and yy is the AVF number What is SDA? -- Answer ✔✔ Software Defined Access uses a controller and application programming interfaces (APIs) to communicate via southbound interfaces (SBIs) with the network infrastructure,
