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Cardiovascular system questions and answers, Exercises of Biology

Virginia Highlands Community CollegeBiology

Multiple Choice Questions and Short Questions with Answers.

Typology: Exercises

2021/2022

Uploaded on 02/24/2022

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Questions to accompany
Anatomy and Physiology
CHAPTER 5 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1. Arteries are blood vessels that:
A. carry blood away from the heart
B. carry oxygenated blood
C. carry blood towards the heart
D. carry deoxygenated blood
E. carry blood at low pressure
2. The systemic circulation includes all of the
following structures except one. Which is
the exception?
A. the aorta
B. the femoral vein
C. the superior vena cava
D. the pulmonary vein
E. the renal artery
3. Vascular resistance is determined by:
A. length of a blood vessel
B. viscosity of blood
C. the way blood flow through a vessel
D. diameter of a blood vessel
E. blood pressure
4. In the heart, valves that ensure one-way flow
of blood are found:
A. between the atria and the ventricles
B. between the ventricles and the arteries
C. between the vena cavae and the atria
D. Options A and B
E. Options A and C
5. The expression ‘cardiac cycle’ refers to:
A. the sequence of events in the heart that
take place every minute
B. the volume of blood pumped by the
ventricles every minute
C. the sequence of events that can be seen on
an electrocardiogram
D. the sequence of events that create heart
sounds
E. the sequence of events that take place
between one heartbeat and the next
6. Put these parts of the electrical conducting
system of the heart in the correct order for
conduction of the cardiac impulse:
1. Atrioventricular node
2. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle
(bundle of His)
3. Left and right bundle branches
4. Sinoatrial node
5. Purkinje fibres
A. 5 – 3 – 2 – 1 – 4
B. 4 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 5
C. 1 – 4 – 2 – 3 – 5
D. 4 – 3 – 1 – 2 – 5
E. 3 – 1 – 2 – 5 – 4
7. The cardiac output is determined by:
A. the heart rate
B. the volume of blood returning to the heart
(preload)
C. afterload which depends on systemic
vascular resistance
D. mechanical properties of the heart
E. all of the above
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Each question consists of a stem statement or question, and 5 options. You must pick the one
correct answer.
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Questions to accompany

Anatomy and Physiology

CHAPTER 5 THE C ARDIOVASCUL AR S YSTEM

1. Arteries are blood vessels that: A. carry blood away from the heart B. carry oxygenated blood C. carry blood towards the heart D. carry deoxygenated blood E. carry blood at low pressure 2. The systemic circulation includes all of the following structures except one. Which is the exception? A. the aorta B. the femoral vein C. the superior vena cava D. the pulmonary vein E. the renal artery 3. Vascular resistance is determined by: A. length of a blood vessel B. viscosity of blood C. the way blood flow through a vessel D. diameter of a blood vessel E. blood pressure 4. In the heart, valves that ensure one-way flow of blood are found: A. between the atria and the ventricles B. between the ventricles and the arteries C. between the vena cavae and the atria D. Options A and B E. Options A and C 5. The expression ‘cardiac cycle’ refers to: A. the sequence of events in the heart that take place every minute B. the volume of blood pumped by the ventricles every minute C. the sequence of events that can be seen on an electrocardiogram D. the sequence of events that create heart sounds E. the sequence of events that take place between one heartbeat and the next 6. Put these parts of the electrical conducting system of the heart in the correct order for conduction of the cardiac impulse: 1. Atrioventricular node 2. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) 3. Left and right bundle branches 4. Sinoatrial node 5. Purkinje fibres A. 5 – 3 – 2 – 1 – 4 B. 4 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 5 C. 1 – 4 – 2 – 3 – 5 D. 4 – 3 – 1 – 2 – 5 E. 3 – 1 – 2 – 5 – 4 7. The cardiac output is determined by: A. the heart rate B. the volume of blood returning to the heart (preload) C. afterload which depends on systemic vascular resistance D. mechanical properties of the heart E. all of the above

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Each question consists of a stem statement or question, and 5 options. You must pick the one correct answer.

8. Within the circulation, where is blood pressure highest? A. in the vena cava (great veins) B. in the left ventricle C. in the right ventricle D. in the pulmonary artery E. in the left atrium 9. Blood pressure is usually expressed in units of millimetres of mercury (mmHg) as: A. diastolic pressure over systolic pressure B. systolic pressure over diastolic pressure C. systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure D. systolic pressure over pulse pressure E. pulse pressure over diastolic pressure 10. The rhythm and electrical activity of the heart can be detected with electrodes on the skin and displayed in the form of an: A. electro-oculogram B. electroencephalogram C. electrocardiogram D. echocardiogram E. electromyogram 11. The atrioventricular (AV) node is important for heart function because: A. it directs the cardiac impulse from the atria to the ventricles B. it serves as the pacemaker for the heart C. it delays the transmission of the cardiac impulse from the atria to the ventricles D. Options A and B are correct E. Options A and C are correct 12. Which of the following events is the first to take place in a cardiac cycle? A. the SA node depolarises B. the AV node depolarises C. the P wave develops D. the QRS complex develops E. the ventricles relax 13. Which of the following terms describes the volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute? A. end diastolic volume (EDV) B. stroke volume (SV) C. heart rate (HR) D. cardiac output (CO) E. blood pressure (BP)

Critical thinking: ARQs (assertion reasoning questions)

These questions consist of two statements:

  • an assertion, and
  • a reason. You must first determine whether each statement is TRUE or FALSE.
  • If both statements are true, you must next determine whether the reason correctly explains the assertion. The answer will be option 1 or option 2.
  • If one statement is true and the other is false then the answer is option 3 or option 4, depending on which of the statements is correct.
  • If both statements are false, then the answer is option 5. There is one option for each possible outcome.

Deepening your learning

Question 16 (a) Explain, using your own words, how the following structure(s) of the cardiovascular system are matched with their function(s) in the body

  • Heart muscle (myocardium)
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries (b) Explain what is meant by the expression ‘skeletal muscle pump’. Why is it important to the cardiovascular system? Question 17 What is interstitial fluid? Draw and label a diagram that shows how it is formed from plasma. Highlight your key words and write notes on your diagram to explain the process. Question 18 Oedema is the retention of fluid in one or more parts of the body. Complete the following table: Type of oedema Organ(s) affected Effect on the individual Pulmonary oedema Cerebral oedema Macular oedema Lymphoedema Peripheral oedema

Creating your own flow charts

Question 19 Create a diagram or figure that explains how blood forms a clot. Highlight your key words and write notes on your diagram to explain the process of haemostasis. Question 20 Create a flow diagram that describes the sequence of events that leads to contraction of the ventricles and ejection of blood from the heart. Highlight your key words and write notes on your diagram to explain the process.

Answers to questions

Answers are supplied to most, but not all questions. Some may require you to carry out further

research using the book.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Each question consists of a stem statement or question, and 5 options. You must pick the one correct answer.

Critical thinking: ARQs (assertion reasoning questions)

These questions consist of two statements:

  • an assertion, and
  • a reason. You must first determine whether each statement is TRUE or FALSE.
  • If both statements are true, you must next determine whether the reason correctly explains the assertion. The answer will be option 1 or option 2.
  • If one statement is true and the other is false then the answer is option 3 or option 4, depending on which of the statements is correct. 1. Arteries are blood vessels that: A. carry blood away from the heart 2. The systemic circulation includes all of the following structures except one. Which is the exception? D. the pulmonary vein 3. Vascular resistance is determined by: D. diameter of a blood vessel 4. In the heart, valves that ensure one-way flow of blood are found: D. Options A and B 5. The expression ‘cardiac cycle’ refers to: E. the sequence of events that take place between one heartbeat and the next 6. Put these parts of the electrical conducting system of the heart in the correct order for conduction of the cardiac impulse:
  1. Atrioventricular node
  2. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
  3. Left and right bundle branches
  4. Sinoatrial node
  5. Purkinje fibres B. 4 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 5 7. The cardiac output is determined by: E. all of the above 8. Within the circulation, where is blood pressure highest? B. in the left ventricle 9. Blood pressure is usually expressed in units of millimetres of mercury (mmHg) as: B. systolic pressure over diastolic pressure 10. The rhythm and electrical activity of the heart can be detected with electrodes on the skin and displayed in the form of an: C. electrocardiogram 11. The atrioventricular (AV) node is important for heart function because: E. Options A and C are correct 12. Which of the following events is the first to take place in a cardiac cycle? A. the SA node depolarises 13. Which of the following terms describes the volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute? D. cardiac output (CO)

Question 18 Oedema is the retention of fluid in one or more parts of the body. Complete the following table: Type of oedema Organ(s) affected Effect on the individual Pulmonary oedema Lungs Alveoli are filled with fluid, causing difficulty in breathing, shortness of breath, cough and reduced tolerance of physical activity. Poor gaseous exchange. Can be acute or chronic and may lead to respiratory failure. Cerebral oedema Brain Damaged brain cells swell, and injured blood vessels become more permeable (leak), forcing fluid to enter brain tissue, so intracranial pressure (ICP) begins to rise. At first, cerebral oedema alone will not produce neurological abnormalities until the ICP reaches a level that restricts blood flow within the brain. Alteration in level of consciousness, bradycardia, increase in blood pressure, abnormal breathing patterns, evidence of inequality of pupil size and abnormalities in reflex responses raise suspicion of cerebral oedema. Macular oedema Retina of the eye Fluid leaks from damaged blood vessels and interferes with detailed vision and ability to see faraway objects. Individual symptoms of macular oedema vary according to the level of swelling of the macula and whether one or both eyes are affected. If fluid affects the function of the fovea, then acuity (precision) of vision deteriorates. Symptoms include blurred vision, difficulty with reading, washed-out colours, wobbly vision or blank spots. Lymphoedema Tissues Fluid accumulates in tissues and they start to swell because the lymphatic system is not draining lymph back to the bloodstream adequately. Lymph drainage channels or lymph nodes have become blocked, damaged or may have been (surgically) removed. The amount of fluid in an area of the body exceeds the capacity of lymphatic vessels to drain it away, effectively flooding the tissue. Depending on which part of the body has been affected, initially there is usually slight, intermittent swelling that comes and goes. If left untreated, swelling can become permanent and the affected area becomes hard and feels solid. Peripheral oedema Lower limbs or hands and arms Fluid accumulates from increased interstitial fluid and it is drained into the tissue of the extremities by gravity. The person’s legs or other affected area may look puffy and swollen, feel heavy or stiff and could be bruised or discoloured; the skin is usually warm in the affected area but there may be pitting. The limbs may ache and it can be hard to get dressed, to walk and carry out activities of daily living.