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Cardiovascular System Exam 3 - Physiology for Engineers | BIOEN 3202, Exams of Biology

University of Utah (The U)Biology

Material Type: Exam; Class: Physiol for Engineers; Subject: Bioengineering; University: University of Utah; Term: Unknown 1989;

Typology: Exams

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/31/2009

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BIOEN 3202 Exam 3. Cardiovascular System
Name:______________________
103 points available. Test is based on 100 points. Questions on front and back of page. Please write
your name where indicated on pages.
Match the words on the left to the
labeled cardiac anatomy on the
right. (Fill in the letter. 2pt each)
1. Right AV tricuspid valve____D
2. Aortic valve____K
3. Pulmonary valve____B
4. Mitral valve____L
5. Superior Vena Cava___A
6. Inferior Vena Cava___E
7. Left Ventricle____N
8. Right Ventricle___F
9. Left Atrium___J
10, Right Atrium____C
11. Pulmonary vein___I
12. Pulmonary Artery___H
13. Aorta____ G
14. Papillary Muscle___M
Multiple Choice. Please select the
best answer (2 points each).
15. In cardiac muscle,
A) calcium ions are not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
B) calcium ions do not bind to troponin molecules.
C) calcium ions play no role in the process of contraction.
D) some of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside of the cell.
E) calcium ion plays an important role in repolarizing the membrane after the depolarization phase.
16. The steep repolarization phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells is due to
which ion(s)?
A) Ca2+
B) K+
C) Na+
D) A and B
E) A and C
(+3 extra credit if you can name the two currents)______________________
17. The ECG of a person suffering from complete heart block would show
A) an increased P-R interval.
B) an inverted P wave.
C) no visible T wave.
D) a smaller QRS complex.
E) more P waves than QRS complexes per minute.
pf3
pf4

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Download Cardiovascular System Exam 3 - Physiology for Engineers | BIOEN 3202 and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

BIOEN 3202 Exam 3. Cardiovascular System

Name:______________________

103 points available. Test is based on 100 points. Questions on front and back of page. Please write your name where indicated on pages.

Match the words on the left to the labeled cardiac anatomy on the right. (Fill in the letter. 2pt each)

  1. Right AV tricuspid valve____D
  2. Aortic valve____K
  3. Pulmonary valve____B
  4. Mitral valve____L
  5. Superior Vena Cava___A
  6. Inferior Vena Cava___E
  7. Left Ventricle____N
  8. Right Ventricle___F
  9. Left Atrium___J 10, Right Atrium____C
  10. Pulmonary vein___I
  11. Pulmonary Artery___H
  12. Aorta____ G
  13. Papillary Muscle___M

Multiple Choice. Please select the best answer (2 points each).

  1. In cardiac muscle, A) calcium ions are not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. B) calcium ions do not bind to troponin molecules. C) calcium ions play no role in the process of contraction. D) some of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside of the cell. E) calcium ion plays an important role in repolarizing the membrane after the depolarization phase.
  2. The steep repolarization phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells is due to which ion(s)? A) Ca2+ B) K+ C) Na+ D) A and B E) A and C (+3 extra credit if you can name the two currents)______________________
  3. The ECG of a person suffering from complete heart block would show A) an increased P-R interval. B) an inverted P wave. C) no visible T wave. D) a smaller QRS complex. E) more P waves than QRS complexes per minute.
  1. From the pressure-volume loop illustrated above, one can determine that the beginning of ventricular isovolumetric relaxation is associated with a ventricular pressure of approximately A. 10 mm Hg B. 50 mm Hg C. 90 mm Hg D. 130 mm Hg E. 140 mm Hg
  2. From the pressure-volume loop illustrated above, one can determine that the peak of the R wave of the electrocardiogram is associated with a ventricular pressure of approximately. A. 10 mm Hg B. 50 mm Hg C. 90 mm H D. 130 mm Hg E. 140 mm Hg
  3. Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle results in A) the formation of cAMP. B) decreased rate of contraction. C) decreased force of cardiac contraction. D) increased sensitivity to acetylocholine. E) all of the above
  4. __________ capillaries are very porous and allow high volumes of fluids to pass through them, whereas __________ capillaries consist of more tightly joined cells that allow a high degree of selective materials to pass. A) Fenestrated, transcytotic B) Continuous, fenestrated C) Transcytotic, continuous D) Fenestrated, continuous E) Transcytotic, fenestrated
  1. The ejection fraction (EF) is the fraction of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat and a rigorous marker of cardiac disease. An ejection fraction of less than 40% is indicative of heart failure. You’re stuck on Gilligan’s Island with everything but the ability to build transportation. The Skipper tells you that Gilligan’s stroke volume is 70 ml and his ESV is 50 ml. What is his ejection fraction? Is he doomed to an early death this episode due to cardiac disease? (10 points)

EF=Stroke Volume/EDV = 70/120=58.3%. He will be fine.

  1. You’re in the laboratory looking at a heart beating in ringer’s solution. Normally, the ringer’s solution has 12 mM [Na+^ ]i, 145 [Na+^ ]o, 155 [K+^ ]i and 4 [K+]o. You raise the extracellular K to 25 mM. pNa:PK=0.013. R=8.3, T=311, F=6.02x10^23 A. From the Goldman equation, what is Em? (Write your work down). (5 points) Em=RT/F ln(([K]o+PNa/PK[Na]o)/([K]i+PNa/PK[Na]i) Em= -47mV**

B. What does this intervention do to SA nodal cells (Use the value you obtained from A)? (4 points) The cells are closer to Ca+2 activation threshold (-40mV) so the cells will fire faster.

C. What does this intervention do to ventricular myocytes (Use the value you obtained from A)? (4 points) The cells are beyond sodium’s activation threshold so the cells cannot produce an action potential via sodium channel activation.

  1. Conduction velocity through ventricular myocytes can be modulated by small changes in extracellular potassium. Interestingly, a small increase in potassium will at first increase conduction velocity, and then it will decrease conduction velocity until you raise the resting membrane potential above the activation threshold for sodium. Why does conduction velocity first increase and then decrease? (10 points) As you decrease the voltage difference from resting membrane potential to the sodium channel’s activation threshold, then it takes less input current to fire an action potential. If you assume that the rate at which current enters the cell is constant, then the time to reach threshold is reduced when extracellular potassium initially rises. After a certain voltage level, you start to stochastically increase the number of sodium channels that are inactivated until nearly all channels are inactivated above -60mV, and this accounts for the decrease in conduction velocity.