Carboxylic Acids
1. -OH group added to carbonyl group
produces carboxyl group
2. May be attached to alkyl or aromatic
ethanoic acid methanoic acid
(acetic acid) (formic acid)
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Guidelines and tips
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
University Rankings
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Our save-the-student-ebooks!
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives: Properties, Nomenclature, and Synthesis - Prof. Roman E., Study notes of Biology
An overview of carboxylic acids, their nomenclature, synthesis, and properties. It covers the addition of the -oh group to the carbonyl group to produce the carboxyl group, the different types of carboxylic acids, their nomenclature rules, and methods of synthesis. Additionally, it discusses the solubility, ionization, and neutralization of carboxylic acids, as well as the formation of carboxylate ions and salts. The document also introduces esters, amines, and amides, and their respective nomenclature and reactions.
Typology: Study notes
Pre 2010
1 / 36
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Related documents
Partial preview of the text
Download Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives: Properties, Nomenclature, and Synthesis - Prof. Roman E. and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Carboxylic Acids
- -OH group added to carbonyl group produces carboxyl group
- May be attached to alkyl or aromatic
ethanoic acid methanoic acid (acetic acid) (formic acid)
Carboxylic Acid Nomenclature
- Longest C chain with carboxyl group is parent chain
- Replace -e in parent name with -oic acid
- Carboxyl C is C
- Number & name side groups appropriately
Carboxylic Acids Synthesis
- Oxidation of aldehyde produces carboxylic acid
- Complete oxidation of alcohol produces aldehyde, then carboxylic acid
ethanol ethanal ethanoic acid (acetaldehyde) (acetic acid)
Carboxylic Acid Properties
1. Solubility
- Ionization
- Neutralization
Carboxylic Acid Ionization
1. Donate H+^ to H 2 O to form H 3 O+
2. Weak acids, but > phenols
3. Negative ion is referred to as
carboxylate ion
Carboxylate Ion Example
1. Donate H+^ to H 2 O to form H 3 O+
2. Weak acids, but > phenols
3. Negative ion is referred to as
carboxylate ion
ethanoic acid ethanoate ion (acetic acid) (acetate ion)
Neutralization
methanoic sodium methanoate acid (sodium formate)
benzoic acid sodium benzoate
Organic Salts
copper ( I ) naphthalate
benzyl ammonium chloride
Esterification
ethanoic methanol methyl ethanoate acid
Ester Nomenclature
- Name alkyl group from alcohol, then carboxylic acid
- Change -ic to -ate
methyl ethanoate ethyl methanoate (methyl acetate) (ethyl formate)
Acid hydrolysis
- Produces carboxylic acid and alcohol
methyl benzoic methanol benzoate acid
Base hydrolysis
- Saponification- produces salt of carboxylic acid (soap) & alcohol
methyl sodium methanol propanoate propanoate
1 o, 2o, 3o^ amines
1 o^ amine 2 o^ amine
3 o^ amine
Amine Nomenclature
- Longest/largest carbon chain/ring is parent , N-C is C
- Remaining alkyl or aromatic groups attached to N, named as N- substituents
- If identical, use di- & tri-
- If different, arrange alphabetically