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Carboxylic Acid and its Derivatives, Lecture notes of Organic Chemistry

This sheet just explains what a carboxylic acid is and its properties including HMNR, IR spectra, and how reactive/acidic it can be. It also includes how carboxylic acid can react with other compounds like acid chloride or a ketone.

Typology: Lecture notes

2022/2023

Available from 04/11/2023

kelli-mitchell
kelli-mitchell 🇺🇸

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Carboxylic Acid
Carbon is an carbon (3 sigma bonds + 1 pi bond)
𝑠𝑝2
Van Der Waals Interactions-London Dispersion (your C-H bonds; non polar)
Dipole-Dipole: attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the
negative end of another polar molecule.
Hydrogen bonding: Hydrogen bonds are the strongest of intermolecular forces for
covalent compounds because they have the strongest permanent molecular dipoles of
any covalent bonds. The three types of covalent bonds that qualify for hydrogen
bonding are H-F, O-H, and N-H bonds.
**Carboxylic acids are acidic, because they have stable conjugate bases**
1. Rank the following acids from the most acidic to the least acidic
A>C>B>D>E
Carboxylic Acid Under Acidic Conditions
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Carboxylic Acid Carbon is an 𝑠𝑝 carbon (3 sigma bonds + 1 pi bond) 2 Van Der Waals Interactions-London Dispersion (your C-H bonds; non polar) Dipole-Dipole: attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule. Hydrogen bonding: Hydrogen bonds are the strongest of intermolecular forces for covalent compounds because they have the strongest permanent molecular dipoles of any covalent bonds. The three types of covalent bonds that qualify for hydrogen bonding are H-F, O-H, and N-H bonds. Carboxylic acids are acidic, because they have stable conjugate bases

  1. Rank the following acids from the most acidic to the least acidic A>C>B>D>E

Carboxylic Acid Under Acidic Conditions

● The lone pairs on the oxygen of the carbonyl group will protonate and take

on that hydrogen. Then, oxygen will “kick” up breaking that bond between

carbon, and the lone pairs of that oxygen-hydrogen bond will move to form

a double bond. Now, that oxygen has a + plus.

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids

**The first two reactions won’t proceed, because it will yield the starting

material**