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SPECIFICATION FOR CARBON STEEL ELECTRODES
FOR SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING
SFA-5.
(Identical with AWS Specification A5.1-91)
1. Scope
This specification prescribes requirements for the
classification of carbon steel electrodes for shielded
metal arc welding.
SECTION A—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2. Classification
2.1 The welding electrodes covered by this specifica- tion are classified according to the following:
( 1 ) Type of current (see Table 1) ( 2 ) Type of covering (see Table 1) ( 3 ) Welding position (see Table 1) ( 4 ) Mechanical properties of the weld metal in the
as-welded or aged condition (see Tables 2 and 3)
2.2 Materials classified under one classification shall
not be classified under any other classification of this
specification, except that E7018M may also be classified
as E7018 provided the electrode meets all of the
requirements of both classifications.
3. Acceptance
Acceptance^1 of the welding electrodes shall be in
accordance with the provisions of the ANSI/AWS
A5.01, Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines.^2
(^1) See A3 (in the Appendix) for further information concerning accept-
ance, testing of the material shipped, and ANSI/AWS A5.01 Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines.
2AWS standards can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. Leleune Road, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, Florida 33135.
4. Certification
By affixing the AWS specification and classification designations to the packagings, or the classification to the product, the manufacturer certifies that the product meets the requirements of this specification.^3
5. Units of Measure and Rounding-Off Procedure
5.1 U.S. Customary Units are the standard units of measure in this specification. The SI Units are given as equivalent values to the U.S. Customary Units. The standard sizes and dimensions in the two systems are not identical, and for this reason, conversion from a standard size or dimension in one system will not always coincide with a standard size or dimension in the other. Suitable conversions, encompassing standard sizes of both, can be made, however, if appropriate tolerances are applied in each case.
5.2 For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, an observed or calculated value shall be rounded to the “nearest unit” of the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value in accordance with the round-off method of ASTM Practice E29 for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications.^4
(^3) See A4 (in the Appendix) for further information concerning certifi- cation and the testing called for to meet this requirement. (^4) ASTM standards can be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylva- nia 19103.
SFA-5.1 1998 SECTION II
TABLE 1
ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION
AWS Type of Classification Type of Covering Welding Position a^ Currentb
E6010 High cellulose sodium F, V, OH, H dcep E6011 High cellulose potassium F, V, OH, H ac or dcep E6012 High titania sodium F, V, OH, H ac or dcen E6013 High titania potassium F, V, OH, H ac, dcep or dcen E6019 Iron oxide titania potassium F, V, OH, H ac, dcep or dcen
E6020 High iron oxide H-fillets ac or dcen (^5) F ac, dcep or dcen
E6022c^ High iron oxide F, H ac or dcen
E6027 High iron oxide, iron powder H-fillets ac or dcen (^5) F ac, dcep or dcen
E7014 Iron powder, titania F, V, OH, H ac, dcep or dcen E7015d^ Low hydrogen sodium F, V, OH, H dcep E7016d^ Low hydrogen potassium F, V, OH, H ac or dcep E7018d^ Low hydrogen potassium, F, V, OH, H ac or dcep iron powder E7018M Low hydrogen iron powder F, V, OH, H dcep E7024d^ Iron powder, titania H-fillets, F ac, dcep or dcen
E7027 High iron oxide, iron powder H-fillets ac or dcen (^5) F ac, dcep or dcen
E7028d^ Low hydrogen potassium, H-fillets, F ac or dcep iron powder
E7048d^ Low hydrogen potassium, F, V, OH, H, ac or dcep iron powder V-down
Notes: a. The abbreviations indicate the welding positions as follows: F p Flat H p Horizontal H-fillets p Horizontal fillets V-down p Vertical with downward progression
V p Vertical For electrodes 3 ⁄ 16 in. (4.8 mm) and under, except 5 ⁄ 32 in. (4.0 mm) OH p Overhead 6 5 and under for classifications E7014, E7015, E7016, E7018, and E7018M.
b. The term “dcep” refers to direct current electrode positive (dc, reverse polarity). The term “dcen” refers to direct current electrode negative (dc, straight polarity). c. Electrodes of the E6022 classification are intended for single-pass welds only. d. Electrodes with supplemental elongation, notch toughness, absorbed moisture, and diffusible hydrogen requirements may be further identified as shown in Tables 2, 3, 10, and 11.
SFA-5.1 1998 SECTION II
TABLE 3
CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT REQUIREMENTS
Limits for 3 out of 5 Specimens a
AWS Single Value, Classification Average, Min. Min.
E6010, E6011, E6027, E7015, 20 ft-lb at −20°F 15 ft-lb at −20°F E7016b, (27 J at − 29°C) (20 J at −29°C) E7018b, 6 E7027, E
E6019 20 ft-lb at 0°F 15 ft-lb at 0°F E7028 6 (27 J at −18°C) (20 J at −18°C)
E6012, E6013, E6020, E6022, 6
Not Specified Not Specified E7014, E7024b
Limits for 5 out of 5 Specimens c
Single Value, Average, Min. Min.
E7018M 50 ft-lb at −20°F 40 ft-lb at − 20°F (67 J at −29°C) (54 J at −29°C) NOTES: a. Both the highest and lowest test values obtained shall be disregarded in computing the average. Two of these remaining three values shall equal or exceed 20 ft-lb (27 J). b. Electrodes with the following optional supplemental designations shall meet the lower temperature impact requirements specified below. Charpy V-Notch Impact Requirements, Limits for 3 out of 5 specimens (Refer to Note a above)
AWS Electrode Single Value, Classification Designation Average, Min. Min.
E7016 E7016-1 20 ft-lb at −50°F 15 ft-lb at −50°F E7018 E7018-1 6 (27 J at −46°C) (20 J at −46°C)
E7024 E7024-1 20 ft-lb at 0°F 15 ft-lb at 0°F (27 J at −18°C) (20 J at −18°C) c. All five values obtained shall be used in computing the average. Four of the five values shall equal, or exceed, 50 ft-lb (67 J).
( 4 ) The groove weld in Fig. 4 for transverse tensile
and longitudinal bend tests for welds made with the
E6022 single pass electrode
( 5 ) The groove weld in Fig. 5 for mechanical proper-
ties and soundness of weld metal made with the E7018M
electrode The sample for chemical analysis may be taken from
a low dilution area either in the groove weld in Fig.
2 or 5 or in the fractured all-weld-metal tension test
specimen, thereby avoiding the need to make a weld pad. In case of dispute, the weld pad shall be the referee method.
8.2 Preparation of each weld test assembly shall be as prescribed in 8.3 through 8.5. The base metal for each assembly shall be as required in Table 5 and shall meet the requirements of the ASTM specification shown there or an equivalent specification. Testing of
PART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS,
ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFA-5.
TABLE 4
REQUIRED TESTS
a,b
Electrode Size
c^
Radiographic Test
e
AWS
Current and
Chemical
d^
All-Weld-Metal
Impact
Fillet
Moisture
Classification
Polarity
a^
in.
mm
Analysis
Tension Test
f^
Test
g^
Weld Test
h^
Test
f
3 ⁄^32
,^
1 ⁄^8
NR
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
5 ⁄^32
,^
3 ⁄^16
NR
F
F
V & OH
NR
E
dcep
7 ⁄^32
NR
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
5
1 ⁄^4
NR
F
F
H
NR
5 ⁄^16
NR
F
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
3 ⁄^32
,^
1 ⁄^8
NR
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
5 ⁄^32
,^
3 ⁄^16
NR
F
F
V & OH
NR
E
ac and dcep
7 ⁄^32
NR
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
5
1 ⁄^4
NR
F
F
H
NR
5 ⁄^16
NR
F
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
1 ⁄^16
to
(^1)
⁄^8
inc.
1.6 to 3.2 inc.
NR
NR
b^
NR
NR
b^
NR
E
ac and dcen
5 ⁄^32
,^
3 ⁄^16
NR
F
i^
NR
V & OH
NR
5
7 ⁄^32
NR
NR
b^
NR
NR
b^
NR
1 ⁄^4
,^
5 ⁄^16
NR
F
i^
NR
H
NR
1 ⁄^16
to
(^1)
⁄^8
inc.
1.6 to 3.2 inc.
NR
NR
b^
NR
NR
b^
NR
ac, dcep, and
5 ⁄^32
,^
3 ⁄^16
NR
F
l^
NR
V & OH
NR
E
dcen
7 ⁄^32
NR
NR
b^
NR
NR
b^
NR
5
1 ⁄^4
,^
5 ⁄^16
NR
F
l^
NR
H
NR
5 ⁄^64
to
(^1)
⁄^8
inc.
2.0 to 3.2 inc.
NR
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
ac, dcep, and
5 ⁄^32
,^
3 ⁄^16
NR
F
l^
F
l^
V & OH
NR
E
dcen
7 ⁄^32
NR
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
5
1 ⁄^4
,^
5 ⁄^16
NR
F
l^
F
l^
H
NR
NR
NR
b^
NR
NR
b^
NR
1 ⁄^8
NR
F
l^
NR
H
NR
5 ⁄^32
,^
3 ⁄^16
NR
NR
b^
NR
NR
b^
NR
E
7 ⁄^32
5
5
1 ⁄^4
NR
F
l^
NR
H
NR
For H-fillets,
ac and dcen; For flat
position ac, dcep, and
dcen
6
5 ⁄^16
NR
F
l^
NR
NR
b^
NR
1 ⁄^8
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
E
ac and dcen
5
5 ⁄^32
to
(^7)
⁄^32
inc.
4.0 to 5.6 inc.
NR
NR
i,k
NR
NR
NR
For H-fillets,
NR
NR
b
1 ⁄^8
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
ac and dcen;
NR
F
l,m
5 ⁄^32
,^
3 ⁄^16
F
l^
H
NR
For flat
NR
NR
b
E
7 ⁄^32
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
position
5
1 ⁄^4
F
l^
H
NR
NR
F
l,m
ac, dcep, and
5 ⁄^16
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
NR
F
l,m
dcen
(Continued)
PART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS,
ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFA-5.
TABLE 4 (CONT’D)REQUIRED TESTS
a,b
Electrode Size
c^
Radiographic Test
e
AWS
Current and
Chemical
d^
All-Weld-Metal
Impact
Fillet
Moisture
Classification
Polarity
a^
in.
mm
Analysis
Tension Test
f^
Test
g^
Weld Test
h^
Test
f
1 ⁄^8
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b
5 ⁄^32
F
F
m^
F
Req’d.
3 ⁄^16
NR
b^
F
m^
F
H
NR
b
E
ac and dcep
7 ⁄^32
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b
5
1 ⁄^4
F
F
m^
F
H
Req’d.
5 ⁄^16
NR
b^
F
m^
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b
1 ⁄^8
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b^
NR
b
NR
b
5 ⁄^32
F
F
F
Req’d.
E
ac and dcep
V-down & OH
5
V-down & H
3 ⁄^16
NR
b^
F
F
NR
b
NOTES:a. NR means “not required”. The abbreviations, F, H, H-fillets, V-down, V, and OH, are defined in Note a of Table 1. The terms “dcep” and “dcen”, are defined in Note b of Table 1.b. Standard electrode sizes not requiring this specific test can be classified provided at least two other sizes of that classification have passed the tests required for them, or the size to beclassified meets specification requirements by having been tested in accordance with Figures 1, 2, and 3 and Table 6.c. Electrodes manufactured in sizes not shown shall be tested to the requirements of the nearest standard size. 6.0 mm electrode shall be tested to the requirements of
(^1)
⁄^4
in. (6.4 mm)
electrode.d. See Section 9, Chemical Analysis.e. See Section 10, Radiographic Test.f.
See Section 11, Tension Test. g. See Section 13, Impact Test.h. See Section 14, Fillet Weld Test.i. A radiographic test is not required for this classification.j. The moisture test given in Sections 15 through 15.9 is the required test for measurement of moisture content of the covering. In Section 16, Absorbed Moisture Test, and Section 17,Diffusible Hydrogen Test, are supplemental tests required only when their corresponding optional supplemental designators are to be used with the classification designators.k. A transverse tension test (see 11.2 and Figure 9) and a longitudinal guided bend test (see Section 12, Bend Test, and Figure 10) are required for classification of
(^5)
⁄^32
,^
16
, and
(^7)
⁄^32
in.
(4.0, 4.8, and 5.6 mm) E6022 electrodes. Welding shall be in the flat position. See Note d of Table 2.l. When dcep and dcen are shown, only dcen need be tested.m. Electrodes longer than 18 in. (450 mm) will require a double length test assembly in accordance with Note 2 of Figure 2, to ensure uniformity of the entire electrode.n. Tests in Section 16 Absorbed Moisture Test, and in Section 17, Diffusible Hydrogen Test, are required tests for all sizes of E7018M.o. Electrodes identified as E7024-1 shall be impact tested. See Note b of Table 3.
SFA-5.1 1998 SECTION II
FIG. 1 PAD FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF
UNDILUTED WELD METAL
the assemblies shall be as prescribed in Sections 9
through 14.
Electrodes other than low hydrogen electrodes shall
be tested without “conditioning.” Low hydrogen elec-
trodes, if they have not been adequately protected
against moisture pickup in storage, shall be held at a
temperature of 500 to 800°F (260 to 427°C) for a
minimum of one hour prior to testing.
8.3 Weld Pad. A weld pad, when required, shall
be prepared as specified in Fig. 1. Base metal of any
convenient size of the type specified in Table 5 shall
be used as the base for the weld pad. The surface of
the base metal on which the filler metal is deposited shall be clean. The pad shall be welded in the flat
position with multiple layers to obtain undiluted weld
metal. The preheat temperature shall not be less than
60°F (16°C) and the interpass temperature shall not exceed 300°F (150°C). The slag shall be removed after each pass. The pad may be quenched in water between passes. The dimensions of the completed pad shall be as shown in Fig. 1. Testing of this assembly shall be as specified in Section 9, Chemical Analysis.
8.4 Groove Weld
8.4.1 Mechanical Properties and Soundness. A test assembly shall be prepared and welded as specified in Figs. 2 or 5 using base metal of the appropriate type specified in Table 5. Testing of this assembly shall be as specified in Section 11, Tension Test, and Section 13, Impact Test. The assembly shall be tested in the as-welded or aged condition.
8.4.2 Transverse Tension and Bend Tests. A test assembly shall be prepared and welded as specified in Fig. 4 using base metal of the appropriate type specified in Table 5. Testing of this assembly shall be as specified in 11.2 through 11.4 and Section 12, Bend Test. The assembly shall be tested in the aged condition.
8.5 Fillet Weld. A test assembly shall be prepared and welded as specified in Table 4 and Fig. 3 using base metal of the appropriate type specified in Table
- The welding positions shall be as specified in Table 6 and Figs. 3 and 6 according to the size and classifica- tion of electrode. Testing of the assembly shall be as specified in Section 14, Fillet Weld Test. 9. Chemical Analysis
9.1 The sample for analysis shall be taken from weld metal obtained with the electrode. The sample shall come from a weld pad or from a low dilution area in the fractured all-weld-metal tension specimen or the groove weld in Figs. 2 or 5. Areas where arc starts or craters exist shall be avoided. The top surface of the pad described in 8.3 and shown in Fig. 1 shall be removed and discarded, and a sample for analysis shall be obtained from the underlying metal by any appropriate mechanical means. The sample shall be free of slag and shall be taken at least 1 ⁄ 4 in. (6.4 mm) from the nearest surface of the base metal. The low dilution area in the fractured tension test specimen or in the groove weld in Figs. 2 or 5 shall be prepared for analysis by any suitable mechanical means.
9.2 The sample shall be analyzed by accepted analyti- cal methods. The referee method shall be ASTM Stan- dard Method E350, Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel,
SFA-5.1 1998 SECTION II
FIG. 3 FILLET WELD TEST ASSEMBLY
PART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS,
ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFA-5.
FIG. 4 TEST ASSEMBLY FOR TRANSVERSE TENSION AND LONGITUDINAL GUIDED BEND TESTS FOR
WELDS MADE WITH E6022 ELECTRODES
PART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS,
ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFA-5.
TABLE 5
BASE METAL FOR TEST ASSEMBLIES
Base Metal UNS AWS Classification Type ASTM Specificationa^ Numberb
A131 Grade B K All Carbon steel 5
A285 Grade A K A285 Grade B K
A285 Grade C K A283 Grade D — All except E7018M Carbon steel A36 K (^5) A29 Grade 1015 G A29 Grade 1020 G NOTES: a. Equivalent steel may be used. b. SAE/ASTM Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys.
Low Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron
and Wrought Iron.
9.3 The results of the analysis shall meet the require-
ments of Table 7 for the classification of electrode
under test.
10. Radiographic Test
10.1 When required in Table 4, the groove weld
described in 8.4.1 and shown in Fig. 2 or 5 shall be
radiographed to evaluate the soundness of the weld
metal. In preparation for radiography, the backing shall
be removed, and both surfaces of the weld shall be
machined or ground smooth. The finished surface of
the weld may be flush with the plate or have a
reasonably uniform reinforcement not exceeding 3 ⁄ 32 in.
(2.4 mm). Both surfaces of the test assembly in the
area of the weld shall be smooth enough to avoid
difficulty in interpreting the radiograph.
10.2 The weld shall be radiographed in accordance
with ASTM Method E142, Controlling Quality of Radio-
graphic Testing. The quality level of inspection shall
be 2-2T.
10.3 The soundness of the weld metal meets the
requirements of this specification if the radiograph
shows the following:
( 1 ) No cracks, no incomplete fusion or incomplete
joint penetration
( 2 ) No slag inclusions longer than 1 ⁄ 4 in. (6.4 mm) or 1 ⁄ 3 of the thickness of the weld, whichever is greater,
or no groups of slag inclusions in line that have an
aggregate length greater than the thickness of the weld
in a length 12 times the thickness of the weld, except when the distance between the successive inclusions exceeds 6 times the length of the longest inclusions in the group. ( 3 ) No rounded indications in excess of those permit- ted by the radiographic standards in Fig. 7 according to the grade specified in Table 8. One in. (25 mm) of the weld measured from each end of the assembly shall be excluded from radiographic evaluation.
10.4 A rounded indication is an indication (on the radiograph) whose length is no more than three times its width. Rounded indications may be circular, elliptical, conical, or irregular in shape, and they may have “tails.” The size of a rounded indication is the largest dimension of the indication, including any tail that may be present. The indication may be porosity or slag. Indications whose largest dimension does not exceed 1 ⁄ 64 in. (0. mm) shall be disregarded. Test assemblies with porosity indications larger than the largest rounded indications permitted in the radiographic standards do not meet the requirements of this specification.
11. Tension Test
11.1 One all-weld-metal tension test specimen shall be machined from the groove weld described in 8.4. as shown in Fig. 2 or 5. The dimensions of the specimen shall be as shown in Fig. 8.
11.2 For E6022 electrodes, one traverse tension test specimen shall be machined from the groove weld
SFA-5.1 1998 SECTION II
TABLE 6
REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION OF FILLET WELD TEST ASSEMBLIES
Assembly Size
a
Electrode Size
Thickness (T)
Length
b^ (L), Min.
Fillet Weld Size
AWS
Welding
Classification
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
Position
in.
mm
3 ⁄^32
1 ⁄^8
V & OH
32
max.
1 ⁄^8
3 ⁄^16
V & OH
16
max.
5 ⁄^32
3 ⁄^8
V & OH
4
max.
E6010 and
6
3 ⁄^16
3 ⁄^8
V & OH
16
max.
E
7 ⁄^32
1 ⁄^2
12 or 16
c^
300 or 400
c^
H
4
min.
1 ⁄^4
1 ⁄^2
H
4
min.
5 ⁄^16
1 ⁄^2
H
4
min.
1 ⁄^16
⁄^64
1 ⁄^8
V & OH
8
max.
3 ⁄^32
1 ⁄^8
V & OH
8
max.
1 ⁄^8
3 ⁄^16
V & OH
16
max.
E6012,
5 ⁄^32
3 ⁄^8
V & OH
4
max.
E6013 and
3 ⁄^16
1 ⁄^2
V & OH
8
max.
E
7 ⁄^32
1 ⁄^2
12 or 16
c^
300 or 400
c^
H
4
min.
1 ⁄^4
1 ⁄^2
H
16
min.
5 ⁄^16
1 ⁄^2
H
16
min.
3 ⁄^32
1 ⁄^8
V & OH
32
max.
1 ⁄^8
3 ⁄^16
V & OH
16
max.
5 ⁄^32
3 ⁄^8
V & OH
16
max.
E
6
3 ⁄^16
3 ⁄^8
H
4
min.
7 ⁄^32
3 ⁄^8
12 or 16
c^
300 or 400
c^
H
4
min.
1 ⁄^4
1 ⁄^2
H
16
min.
5 ⁄^16
1 ⁄^2
H
16
min.
3 ⁄^32
1 ⁄^8
V & OH
32
max.
1 ⁄^8
1 ⁄^4
V & OH
16
max.
5 ⁄^32
3 ⁄^8
V & OH
16
max.
E7015 and
6
3 ⁄^16
3 ⁄^8
H
16
min.
E
7 ⁄^32
1 ⁄^2
12 or 16
c^
300 or 400
c^
H
4
min.
1 ⁄^4
1 ⁄^2
H
16
min.
5 ⁄^16
1 ⁄^2
H
16
min.
(Continued)
SFA-5.1 1998 SECTION II
FIG. 6 WELDING POSITIONS FOR FILLET WELD TEST ASSEMBLIES
described in 8.4.2 and Fig. 4. The dimensions of the
specimen shall be as shown in Fig. 9.
11.3 The tension specimens for all electrodes except
the low hydrogen classifications shall be aged at 200
to 220°F (95 to 105°C) for 48 6 2 hours, and cooled
in air to room temperature. All specimens shall be
tested in the manner described in the tension testing section of AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical
Testing of Welds.
11.4 The results of the tension test shall meet the
requirements specified in Table 2.
12. Bend Test (For E6022 Electrodes Only)
12.1 One longitudinal face bend specimen, as required
in Table 4, shall be machined from the groove weld
test assembly described in 8.4.2 and shown in Fig. 4.
Dimensions of the specimen shall be as shown in Fig. 10.
12.2 The bend specimen shall be aged at 200 to
220°F (95 to 105°C) for 48 6 2 hours then air cooled
to room temperature and tested as required in 12.3.
12.3 The specimen shall be tested in the manner
described in the bend testing section of AWS B4.0,
Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds.
The specimen shall be bent uniformly through 180
degrees over a 3 ⁄ 4 in. (19 mm) radius in any suitable
jig. Three standard jigs are shown in Fig. 11. Positioning
of the face bend specimen shall be such that the weld
face of the last side welded is in tension.
12.4 Each specimen, after bending, shall conform to
the 3 ⁄ 4 in. (19 mm) radius, with an appropriate allowance
for springback and the weld metal shall not contain openings in excess of 1 ⁄ 8 in. (3.2 mm) on the convex surface.
13. Impact Test
13.1 Five Charpy V-notch impact test specimens, Fig. 12, shall be machined from the test assembly shown in Fig. 2 or 5, for those classifications for which impact testing is required in Table 4.
13.2 The five specimens shall be tested in accordance with the fracture toughness testing section of AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds. The test temperature shall be that specified in Table 3 for the classification under test.
13.3 In evaluating the test results for all the classifica- tions that require impact testing, except E7018M, the lowest and highest values obtained shall be disregarded. Two of the three remaining values shall equal, or exceed, the specified 20 ft-lb (27J) energy level. One of the three may be lower, but not lower than 15 ft- lb (20J). The average of the three shall not be less than the required 20 ft-lb (27J) energy level.
13.4 In evaluating the results for E7018M, all five values shall be used. Four of the five values shall equal, or exceed, the specified 50 ft-lb (67J) energy level. One of the five may be lower, but not lower than 40 ft-lb (54J). The average of the five shall not be less than the required 50 ft-lb (67J) energy level.
PART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS,
ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFA-5.
TABLE 7
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION REQUIREMENTS FOR WELD METAL
Weight, Percent
b
AWS
UNS
a^
Combined Limit for
Classification
Number
C
Mn
Si
P
S
Ni
Cr
Mo
V
Mn + Ni + Cr + Mo + V
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W
--------------------Not Specified-------------------
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W
Not Specified
Not Specified
E
W
E
W
E
W
Not Specified
Not Specified
E
W
E
W
6
Not Specified
Not Specified
E
W
E7018M
W
0.40 to 1.
Not Specified
NOTES:a. SAE/ASTM Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys.b. Single values are maximum.
PART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS,
ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFA-5.
FIG. 7 RADIOGRAPHIC ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS FOR ROUNDED INDICATIONS (Grade 2) (CONT’D)
SFA-5.1 1998 SECTION II
TABLE 8
RADIOGRAPHIC SOUNDNESS REQUIREMENTS
AWS
Classification Radiographic Standard a,b
E E E E7016 Grade 1
E
E7018M
E
E
E
E
E
Grade 2 E
E
E
E
E
E6022^6 Not specified
NOTES: a. See Figure 7. b. The radiographic soundness obtainable under actual industrial con- ditions employed for the various electrode classifications is discussed in A6.10.1 in the Appendix.
14. Fillet Weld Test
14.1 The fillet weld test, when required in Table 4,
shall be made in accordance with 8.5 and Fig. 3. The
entire face of the completed fillet weld shall be examined
visually. It shall be free of cracks, overlap, slag, and
porosity, and shall be substantially free of undercut.
An infrequent short undercut up to 1 ⁄ 32 in. (0.8 mm)
depth shall be allowed. After the visual examination,
a specimen, approximately 1 in. (25 mm) in length,
shall be removed as shown in Fig. 3. One cross-
sectional surface of the specimen shall be polished,
etched, and then examined as required in 14.2.
14.2 Scribe lines shall be placed on the prepared
surface, as shown in Fig. 13, and the fillet weld size,
fillet weld leg, and convexity shall be determined to
the nearest 1 ⁄ 64 in. (0.4 mm) by actual measurement
(see Fig. 13). These measurements shall meet the
requirements of Table 6 with respect to minimum or
maximum fillet weld size and the requirements of Table 9 with respect to maximum convexity and maximum
difference between fillet weld legs according to the
fillet weld size measured.
14.3 The remaining two sections of the test assembly shall be broken through the fillet weld by a force exerted as shown in Fig. 14. When necessary to facilitate fracture through the fillet, one or more of the following procedures may be used: ( 1 ) A reinforcing bead, as shown in Fig. 14, may be added to each leg of the weld. ( 2 ) The position of the web on the flange may be changed, as shown in Fig. 14. ( 3 ) The face of the fillet may be notched, as shown in Fig. 14. Tests in which the weld metal pulls out of the base metal during bending are invalid tests. Specimens in which this occurs shall be replaced, specimen for specimen, and the test completed. In this case, the doubling of specimens as required for retest in Section 7, Retest, does not apply.
14.4 The fractured surfaces shall be visually examined without magnification. The fracture surface shall be free of cracks. Incomplete fusion at the weld root shall not be greater than 20% of the total length of the weld. There shall be no continuous length of incomplete fusion greater than 1 in. (25 mm) as measured along the weld axis except for electrodes of the E6012, E6013, and E7014 classifications. Fillet welds made with electrodes of these classifications may exhibit incomplete fusion through the entire length of the fillet weld, provided that at no point this incomplete fusion exceeds 25 percent of the smaller leg of the fillet weld.
15. Moisture Test
15.1 The moisture content of the covering on the low hydrogen electrodes, when required in Table 4, shall be determined by any suitable method. In case of dispute, the method described in 15.3 through 15. shall be the referee method.
15.2 The electrodes shall be tested without condition- ing, unless the manufacturer recommends otherwise. If the electrodes are conditioned, that fact, along with the method used for conditioning, and the time and temperature involved in the conditioning, shall be noted on the test record. The moisture content shall not exceed the limit specified in Table 10.
15.3 This method (the referee method) consists of heating a sample of the covering in a nickel or clay boat placed inside a combustion tube in order to remove the moisture from the covering. A stream of oxygen is used to carry the moisture to an absorption tube where the moisture is collected. The moisture content of the covering is determined by the increase in weight
