Chemistry 501
Handout 7
Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
Chapter 7
Dep. of Chemistry & Biochemistry
Prof. Indig
Lehninger. Principles of Biochemistry.
by Nelson and Cox, 5th Edition; W.H. Freeman and Company
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Carbohydrates and Glycobiology - Lecture Slides | CHEM 501, Assignments of Chemistry
Material Type: Assignment; Class: Introductionto Biochemistry; Subject: Chemistry; University: University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee; Term: Unknown 1989;
Typology: Assignments
Pre 2010
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Chemistry 501Handout 7 Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
Chapter 7
Dep. of Chemistry & BiochemistryProf. Indig
Lehninger. Principles of Biochemistry.th^ by Nelson and Cox, 5^ Edition; W.H. Freeman and Company
The two families of monosaccharides are aldoses and ketoses^ Representative^ monosaccharides
Formation of hemiacetals and hemiketals
Formation of the two cyclicforms of D-glucose The α^ and^ β^ anomes of
D-glucose Isomeric forms of monosaccharides that differonly in the configuration about the hemiacetalor hemiketal carbon atom are called anomers.interconvert in aqueous solution bya process called mutarotation.
Conformationalformulas ofpyranoses
Some hexose derivatives important in biology
Disaccharides contain a glycosidic bond Formation^ of^ maltose
anomeric carbon
The glycosidic bond protects theanomeric carbon from oxidation.
Glu(α^1 4)Glu
Some common disaccharides
reducing sugar
non reducing sugar
non reducing sugar^ Non reducing sugars are^ named as glycosides.^ Glc(
α^1
β)Fru configuration ofthe anomericCarbon
carbons joined byThe glycosidic bond
Some homopolysaccharides are stored forms of fuel^ Electron micrographs of starch and glycogen granules Other homopolysaccharides (e.g. cellulose and chitin) serve as structural^ elements in plant cell walls and animal exoskeletons.
Amylose and amylopectin, the polysaccharides of starch
amylopectin
occurs every24 to 30 residues
Strands of amylopectin form double helical structures with each other or with amylose strands