Download Caduceus Test Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Latest Version 2024 | Verified and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity!
Caduceus Test Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Latest Version 2024 | Verified
The cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body, provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons are a. Neurofibrils b. Chromatophilic substances (nissl bodies) c. Axons d. Dendrites - โโd. Dendrites The two types of cells of the nervous system are a. Axons and dendrites b. Neurons and neuroglia c. Motor neurons and sensory neurons d. Schwann cells and microglia - โโb. Neurons and neuroglia The functional connection between two neurons is a(n): a. Dendrite b. Gap junction c. Axon terminal d. Neurotransmitter - โโc. Axon terminal The nervous system: a. Detects changes in the internal or external environment
b. Controls the movement of muscles c. Integrates info from several sources and uses it determine an appropriate response d. all of the above - โโd. all of the above Neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands are: a. Sensory neurons b. Interneurons c. Motor neurons d. Unipolar neurons - โโc. Motor neurons How many dendrites can a neuron have? a. One b. Two c. Many d. All of the above are possible dendrite numbers - โโd. All of the above are possible dendrite numbers The nervous system is in charge of: a. Detecting changes b. Decision-making c. Stimulating muscles d. All of the above - โโd. All of the above Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear in:
b. White, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; gray , and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. c. White and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord; gray, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord. d. White, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; red, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. - โโc. White and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord; gray, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord. Myelin is rich in: a. Nucleic acids b. Carbohydrates c. Lipids d. Salts - โโc. Lipids Which of the following is a type of neuroglia? a. Astrocyte b. Oligodendrocyte c. Schwann cell d. All of the above. - โโd. All of the above. Which cells produce myelin in the brain and spinal cord? a. Schwann cells b. Astrocytes c. Microglia d. Oligodendrocytes - โโd. Oligodendrocytes
Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are: a. Bipolar b. Unipolar c. Multipolar d. Nonpolar - โโc. Multipolar Regrowth or repair of nervous tissues and cells is called: a. Neuroregeneration b. Nervous expansion c. Myelommatics d. Peripheral fanning - โโa. Neuroregeneration Which of the following produces growth factor in response to injury? a. Peripheral nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Both A and B d. None of the above - โโa. Peripheral nervous system Clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS are called: a. Neuromas b. Axons c. Ganglia d. Nuclei - โโc. Ganglia
T/F: The neuroglia is considered to be a supporting cell. - โโTrue T/F: Myelin is composed largely of carbohydrates. - โโFalse T/F: Nodes of Ranvier lie between neurons. - โโFalse T/F: Astrocytes structurally support neurons and also provide important signals and nutrients to neurons.
- โโTrue T/F: Motor neurons carry signals from the PNS to the skeletal system. - โโFalse T/F: When initially discovered, neuroglia were likened to a glue for the brain, spinal cord, and special sensory nerves. - โโTrue The cells in the nervous system that fill spaces and support neurons both physically and nutritionally are called: a. Neurons b. Nodes of Ranvier c. Neuronal polls d. Neuroglia - โโd. Neuroglia Sheaths of ______ cells often enclose the larger axons outside of the brain and spinal cord. a. Myelin b. Nodes of Ranvier c. Schwann d. Soma - โโc. Schwann
A(n) ____ is the junction between neurons a. Interneuron b. Axon terminal c. Soma d. Axons - โโb. Axon terminal The white matter of the spinal cord contains: a. Bundles of axons b. Bundles of dendrites c. Sensory and motor nuclei d. Both axons and dendrites f. Interneurons - โโa. Bundles of axons What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage behind the BBB? a. Microglia b. Astrocyte c. Schwann cell d. Satellite cell - โโa. Microglia Which structure predominates in the white matter of the brain? a. Myelinated axons b. Neuronal cell bodies c. Ganglia of the parasympathetic nerves
d. Schwann cell - โโa. Ependymal cell The nervous system is divided into two major regions the ___ and ____. a. CNS and PNS b. CNS and ANS c. ANS and PNS d. PNS and SNS e. SNS and ANS - โโa. CNS and PNS The gaps in between Schwann cells are called: a. Axon terminals b. Nodes of Ranvier c. Synapses d. Myelin - โโb. Nodes of Ranvier The two divisions of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system are: a. Relational and magnetic b. Somatic and internal c. Somatic and autonomic d. Diegetic and sensory - โโc. Somatic and autonomic What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of the cell membrane? a. Sodium b. Chloride
c. Potassium d. Phosphate - โโa. Sodium Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon reaching what states? a. Resting potential b. Threshold c. Repolarization d. Overshoot - โโb. Threshold A membrane potential becomes more negative due to more positive ions leaving the cell than negative ions entering. What type of graded potential is this? a. Depolarizing b. Repolarizing c. Hyperpolarizing d. Non-polarizing - โโc. Hyperpolarizing Presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters by ______. a. Endocytosis b. Exocytosis c. Diffusion d. Active transport - โโb. Exocytosis When an action potential passes over the surface of a synaptic knob, the contents of the vesicles are released in response to the presence of: a. Calcium ions
c. Impulses are stronger responses than are action potentials. d. Propagation of a series of action potentials along a nerve cell fiber constitutes an impulse. - โโd. Propagation of a series of action potentials along a nerve cell fiber constitutes an impulse. A stimulus great enough to change the membrane potential and propagate an action potential is said to have reached _________. a. Recruitment b. Threshold c. Summation d. Tetanus - โโb. Threshold Which of these is the best description of the ion distribution pattern largely created by the sodium/potassium pump? a. N+ and K+ are higher on the inside of the membrane. b. Na+ and K+ are higher on the outside of the membrane. c. Na+ is higher on the inside of the membrane and K+ is higher on the outside. d. Na+ is higher on the outside of the membrane and K+ is higher on the inside. - โโd. Na+ is higher on the outside of the membrane and K+ is higher on the inside. Saltatory conduction: a. Occurs only if the myelin sheath is continuous b. Occurs only of nodes of Ranvier are lacking c. Is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber
d. Is slower than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber - โโc. Is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber The most rapid conduction of an impulse along an axon occurs on a fiber that is a. Thick and myelinated b. Thick and unmyelinated c. Thin and myelinated d. Thin and unmyelinated - โโa. Thick and myelinated Which ion flows down its concentration gradient as it moves out of the cell? a. Potassium b. Sodium c. Calcium d. Magnesium - โโa. Potassium A neuron that is not being stimulated is called a(n): a. Depopulated neuron b. Resting neuron c. Vacillating neuron d. Auxiliary neuron - โโb. Resting neuron A nerve cell membrane becomes depolarized as a result of: a. Calcium leaving the nerve cell b. Some ions channels being opened while others are closed c. The relative ease with which K+ diffuses into the nerve cell
d. None of the above - โโc. Both A and B The neurotransmitter that mediates skeletal muscle contraction is: a. Beta endorphin b. Nitric oxide c. Acetylcholine d. GABA - โโc. Acetylcholine Norepinephrine is associated with: a. Vasoconstriction and increased heart rate b. Vasodilation and decreased heart rate c. Vasoconstriction and decreased heart rate d. Vasodilation and increased heart rate - โโa. Vasoconstriction and increased heart rate Which of these conditions is most likely to be treated by drugs that increase the actions of the neurotransmitter serotonin by keeping them in synapses longer? a. Multiple sclerosis b. Tay-Sachs disease c. Clinical depression d. Erectile dysfunction - โโc. Clinical depression What is considered to be the most important neurotransmitter? a. Adrenaline b. Endorphins c. Glutamate
d. Acetylcholine - โโc. Glutamate What effect would you expect divergence to have on an impulse? a. Amplify it b. Dissipate it c. Halt it d. Reverse it - โโa. Amplify it The types of neurons that are organized into neuronal pools are: a. Interneurons b. Intraneurons c. Schwann cells d. Astrocytes - โโa. Interneurons A presynpatic neuron _____ impulse, while a postsynaptic neuron ____ impulse. a. Receives, receives b. Receives, sends c. Sends, sends d. Sends, receives - โโd. Sends, receives In a normal resting state the nerve cell membrane is: a. Positively charged at typically +70 mV b. Negatively charged at typically - 70 mV c. Neutrally charged at 0 mV
T/F: During the absolute refractory period, a stimulus of high intensity may trigger a nerve impulse. - โโFalse T/F: Synaptic transmission is a one-way transfer of information. - โโTrue T/F: The conduction speed of thick, myelinated axons is approx 120 m/sec. - โโTrue Muscles and glands that respond to nervous stimulation are called: a. Neurotransmitters b. Neurons c. Effectors d. Receptors - โโc. Effectors In an inhibitory postsynaptic potential, what charge would be expected as a result? a. Increased negativity b. Decreased negativity c. Strongly decreased negativity, potentially positive charge d. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential has no relationship to charge - โโa. Increased negativity An impulse conducted along an axon consists of a wave of ____ moving away from a point of stimulation. a. Nerve impulse b. Action potentials c. Conductor summation d. Nerve hormones - โโb. Action potentials
A series of similar stimuli that induces change in local membrane potential is called: a. Action potential b. Resting potential c. Effector d. Summation - โโd. Summation If a neurotransmitter hyperpolarizes a cell membrane and an action potential is less likely, the change is called: a. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential b. Excitatory postsynaptic potential c. Inhibitory presynaptic potential d. Excitatory presynaptic potential - โโa. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential Which of the following voltages would most likely be measured during the relative refractory period? a. +30 mV b. 0 mV c. - 45 mV d. - 80 mV - โโ Which of these best represents the degree of depolarization at threshold potential? a. - 70 mV b. - 55 mV c. +30 mV d. - 90 mV - โโb. - 55 mV
