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Essential of Fire Fighting 7th edition
Questions and Answers 100% Correct
16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives" - ANS-Safety must be primary Consideration All fighter must personal and organizational culture be for health and safety All fF must empowered Safety and stop unsafe practices Utilize an available technology wherever you can produce higher levels of health and safety. 2,216 full psi SCBA corna very 5 year - ANS-Lack of fitness Impaired balance Lack of agility Acute - ANS-Sharp or severe having a rapid onset and short duration. Air Purifying Respirator - ANS-A respirator with an air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air- purifying element. Airborne pathogens - ANS-pathogens that can be transmitted through the air All-Hazard Concept - ANS-Provides a coordinated approach to a wide variety of incidents; all responders use a similar, coordinated approach with a common set of authorities, protections, and resources. Arched roof hazards - ANS-Work from aerial ladder, sudden collapse Assistant/Deputy Chief - ANS-Managed cattiest upper management such as, fire prevention or training, administration, emerges in operations Atmosphere Supplying Respirators - ANS-Breathable air when working in oxygen- deficient, toxic, or gasfilled. Atypically Stressful Event - ANS-Term used in National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards to describe incidents that have a likelihood of causing critical incident stress. Auto cascade systems - ANS-Completely automated stationary that fills air cylinders to a programmed pressure Autoignition - ANS-self-igniting; spontaneous starting Autoignition Temperature - ANS-Minimum temperature to which a fuel in the the air must be heated in order to self-sustained
Backdraft - ANS-Rapid burning of superheated gas that occurs when oxygen is introduced to oxygen deployed confined space. Basement and stairs - ANS-Fire damage floor joints and low bearing was the support of the floor and structure Stairs can provide flow back for the movement of air ,fire,gas to Structure Battalion - ANS-Fire department organizational subdivision consisting of several fire service companies in a designated geographic area. A battalion is usually the first organizational level above individual companies or stations. Body Substance Isolation (BSI) - ANS-Comprehensive method of infection control in which every patient is assumed to be infected; personal protective equipment is worn to prevent exposure to bodily fluids and blood-borne and airborne pathogens. Building codes for glass door - ANS-Tempered glass Building compartments - ANS-Layout of various open spaces in a structure Floor plans Bárrenos to spared fire Openings between the flors Buoyancy - ANS-Ability to float Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - ANS-Complete combustion of organic materials carbon monoxide - ANS-a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas. Found in incomplete combustion Carbon-based fuels - ANS-Fuels in which the energy of combustion comes from carbon such as Wood, Cotton, coal, Petroleum. Carcinogen - ANS-Cancer-producing substance. Cascade System - ANS-Three or more large air cylinders, each usually with a capacity of 300 cubic feet, that are interconnected and from which smaller SCBA cylinders are recharged. Cast-in-Place Concrete - ANS-Concrete that is poured in its final location. Ceiling jet - ANS-Hot gases that rise until they encounter the ceiling and then begin to spread horizontally
Company officer - ANS-Supervisor a fire company in the Station at fires another emergencies Conduction - ANS-The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching. Control zones at HazMat incidents are labeled as: - ANS-a. hot b. warm c. cold d. all of the above Convection - ANS-The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid Culture - ANS-The shared assumptions, beliefs, and values of a group or organization. Dead Load - ANS-The weight of the building or building components. District/Battalion Chief - ANS-Supervisaré of group of fire companies, and stations. eaves/pitched roof - ANS-the lower edges of a roof which usually project beyond the side of a building Emergency Escape Breathing support system - ANS-Allow two firefighters to share the same air from one tank without removing face peace End of service time indicator (EOSTI) - ANS-A warning device on a SCBA that alerts the user that the end of the breathing air is approaching. Usually after 33% of oxygen is used endothermic reaction - ANS-A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat Energy - ANS-The ability to do work or cause change Entrained - ANS-drawn in from all around the burning fuel Entrainment - ANS-Drawing in cool air exothermic reaction - ANS-A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat. Like fire Exposure Fire - ANS-Property near the fire that may become involved by transfer of heat or burning materials from the main fire. Fire Chief - ANS-Responsible for all operations with the department fire door - ANS-A fire resistive door prescribed for openings in fire separation walls or partitions.
Fire Fighting Boots - ANS-Protective footwear meeting the design requirements of NFPA, OSHA Fire Marshal - ANS-Also call inspector or investigator. A member of the fire department who inspects businesses and enforces laws that deal with public safety and fire codes. A fire investigator may also respond to fire scenes to help incident commanders investigate the cause of the fire. Investigators may have full police powers of arrest and deal directly with investigations and arrests. Fire Point - ANS-The temperature at which enough piloted ignition Sufficient vapors will begin to sustain combustible reaction Fire resistant rating - ANS-The time, in hours, that a material or assembly of materials can withstand exposure to fire. Fire stops - ANS-Wood blocks placed at intervals between wall studs to slow spread of fire Fire Tetrahedron - ANS-Fuel, Oxygen, Heat, and Chemical chain reaction. Fire Triangle - ANS-fuel, oxygen, heat, all three need in order to make a fire Fire Wall - ANS-Fire-rated wall with a specified degree of fire resistance, built of fire- resistive materials and usually extending from the foundation up to and through the roof of a building, that is designed to limit the spread of a fire within a structure or between adjacent structures. Firefighter breathing air replenishment systems - ANS-Systems installed in hight rise buildings to refill your tank Fixed lights. - ANS-are mounted to a vehicle and their main function is to provide overall lighting for the emergency scene Flammable range - ANS-the entire range of possible gas or vapor fuel concentrations in air that are capable of burning Flash point - ANS-the minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel produces enough vapor to burn Flashover - ANS-A rapid transition from the growth stage to the fully developed stage. Flow path - ANS-The space between the air intake and the exhaust outlet what factors the path: size of the ventilation, number of obstructions, length of the path traveled, elevation difference between the base of the fire and the opening
Hazard - ANS-Condition, substance, or device that can directly cause injury or loss; the source of a risk. Hearing Protection - ANS-Device that limits noise-induced hearing loss when firefighters are exposed to extremely loud environments, such as apparatus engine noise, audible warning devices, and the use of power tools and equipment. heat - ANS-The energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures Heat flux - ANS-The measure of the rate of heat released heat of combustion - ANS-the heat of reaction for the complete burning of one mole of a substance helmet - ANS-a hard hat that protects your head HEPA - ANS-high-efficiency particulate air Hightway/ roadway hazards - ANS-Debris Fuel spill Battery fluids Downed power lines Hollow-core door - ANS-Constructions with spacers between the face of panels to provide lateral support Hot Zone - ANS-Potentially hazardous area immediately surround the incident site; requires appropriate protective clothing and equipment and other safety precautions for entry. Hybrid modular homes - ANS-Factory built home with some panelized designs hydrocarbon fuels - ANS-Petroleum based organic compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon such ass Plastics, synthetics fabrics. Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) - ANS-A toxic gas produced by the combustion of materials containing cyanide. Found in gas Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) - ANS-Description of any atmosphere that poses an immediate hazard to life or produces immediate irreversible debilitating effects on health. Incident Command System (ICS) - ANS-Standardizing approach to incident management that facilitates interaction between cooperating agencies; adaptable to incidents of any size or type.
Incident Commander (IC) - ANS-Person in chare of the incident command system and responsible for the management of all incident operations during a emergency. Incipient stage - ANS-First stage of the burning process in a compartment in which the substance being oxidized is producing some heat. Usually residential fires are become ventilation-limited Incomplete combustion - ANS-When a fuel burns in insufficient oxygen, producing carbon monoxide, smoke and ash Intrinsically Safe - ANS-Describes equipment that is approved for use in flammable atmospheres; must be incapable of releasing enough electrical energy to ignite the flammable atmosphere. Intrinsically Safe - ANS-Describes equipment that is approved for use in flammable atmospheres; must be incapable of releasing enough electrical energy to ignite the flammable atmosphere. Inverter - ANS-Step-up transformer that converts vehicle's 12- or 24-volt DC current into 110- or 220-volt AC current. Isolated flames - ANS-Flames that may moved in layers of fire Joules - ANS-measurement of energy kinetic energy - ANS-energy a moving object possesses Lightweight Steel Truss - ANS-Structural support made from a long steel bar that is bent at a 90-degree angle with flat or angular pieces welded to the top and bottom. line personnel - ANS-employees who are part of the chain of command that is responsible for achieving organizational goals Line Personnel - ANS-Personnel who provide emergency services to external customers (the public). Load Bearing Wall - ANS-A structural wall that carries loads other than its own weight. lower flammable limit - ANS-Minimum vapor or gas of concentration supporting combustion Mansard - ANS-Roof types a roof that has four sloping sides, each of which becomes steeper halfway down
NFPA 1851 - ANS-Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting NFPA 1975 - ANS-Minimum requirement for work where that is functional NFPA 5000 - ANS-Building construction and safety code No- flaming combustible - ANS-Smoldering at material surface Open burning - ANS-A pile of wood, sofa, large open empty warehouse, The fire is considered controlled because he single item burning either outside or in a larger valve into the space means there is sufficient oxygen available to burn the fuel until I can no longer sustain combustion Open Web Steel Joist - ANS-Open web, parallel chord, load-carrying members suitable for the direct support of floors and roof decks in buildings. Open-circuit SCBA - ANS-SCBA that allows exhaled air to be discharged or vented into the atmosphere. Oriented Strand Board (OSB) - ANS-A wooden structural panel formed by gluing and compressing wood strands together under pressure. Oxidation - ANS-A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust Oxygen deficiency atmosphere - ANS-Containing less than 19.5% of oxygen Parallel Chord Truss - ANS-A truss constructed with the top and bottom chords parallel. These trusses are used as floor joists in multistory buildings and as ceiling joists in buildings with flat roofs. Parapet walls / flat roofs - ANS-Walls on a flat roof that extend above the roofling particles - ANS-A very small piece or part; a tiny portion or speck Penalized homes - ANS-Assembled on site for preconstruction panels made a Phone installation sandwich between sheets of plywood Permissable Exposure Limit (PEL) - ANS-Maximum time weighted concentration Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) - ANS-Electronic lack-of-motion sensor that sounds a loud alarm when a firefighter becomes motionless. It can also be manually activated. NFPA 1500, and 1982
Personnel Accountability System - ANS-Method for indentifying which emergency responders are working on an incident scene. Piloted Ignition - ANS-Moment when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounters an external heat (ignition) source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion reaction. Plans Review - ANS-Process of reviewing building plans and specifications to determine the safety characteristics of a proposed building; generally done before permission is granted to begin construction point of no return - ANS-Point at which air in the SCBA will last only long enough to exit a hazardous atmosphere. Polar solvent - ANS-Will mix readily with water Policy - ANS-Organizational principle that is developed and adopted as a basis for decision-making. Portable ligths - ANS-Lights used to in building interior or remote areas, sometimes mounted on on telescoping stands Postincident Analysis - ANS-Overview and critique of an incident by members of all responding agencies, including dispatchers. Typically takes place within two weeks of the incident. In the training environment it may be used to evaluate student and instructor performance during a training evolution. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - ANS-Disorder caused when persons have been exposed to a traumatic event in which they have experienced, witnessed, or been confronted with an event or events that involve actual death, threatened death, serious injury, or the threat of physical injury to self or others. potential energy - ANS-Energy that is stored and held in readiness Power - ANS-Rate which engery is transfer Power Take-Off (PTO) System - ANS-Mechanism that allows a vehicle engine to power equipment such as a pump, winch, or portable tool; it is typically attached to the transmission. Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) - ANS-Motorized respirator that uses a filter to clean surrounding air, then delivers it to the wearer to breathe; typically includes a headpiece, breathing tube, and a blower/battery box that is worn on the belt.
Purlins - ANS-Horizontal members that are attached to the roof supports Pyrolysis - ANS-Off gassing of solids Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT) - ANS-Respirator fit test that measures the wearer's response to a test agent, such as irritant smoke or odorous vapor. If the wearer detects the test agent, such as through smell or taste, the respirator fit is inadequate. Quantitive Fit Test (QNFT) - ANS-Measure of the amount of test agent that has leaked into the respiration from the ambient air Radiation - ANS-Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles. rafters - ANS-beams that support a roof Rain roofs - ANS-Fire can go undetected reducing agent - ANS-The fuel that is being oxidized or burned during combustion. Rehabilitation - ANS-Allowing firefighters or rescuers to rest, rehydrate, and recover during an incident; also refers to a station at an incident where personnel can res, rehydrate, and recover. reinforced concrete - ANS-Concrete into which steel reinforcing bars have been embedded to impart tensile strength to the construction. Remote Pressure Gauge - ANS-Pressure gauge that is not mounted on the regulator But can be seen by the SCBA a commonly found the on SCBA that have a face piece mounted regulation NFPA 1852 face mask should be inspected before and after a call Respiratory Hazards - ANS-Exposure to conditions that create a hazard to the respiratory system, including products of combustion, toxic gases, and superheated or oxygen-deficient atmospheres. Response District - ANS-Geographical area to which a particular apparatus is assigned to be first due on a fire or other emergency incident. Retroreflective trim - ANS-Strips of reflection trim on the torso and sleeves make the coat more visible in night revolving door - ANS-Can cause problems during a fire u less the wings are are collapse
Ridge line/ pitched roof - ANS-The line that divides two textures in graduated forms. risk - ANS-Likelihood of suffering harm from a hazard; exposure to a hazard. The potential for failure or loss. Risk-Management Plan - ANS-Written plan that identifies and analyzes the exposure to hazards, selects appropriate risk management techniques to handle exposures, implements those techniques, and monitors the results. roll over - ANS-Unburdened Fire has that have accumulated on the top of the compartment ignite flames propelled them to the across the ceiling SCBA Cleaning - ANS-Lint free clothing air dry Search Line - ANS-Nonload-bearing rope that is anchored to a safe, exterior location and attached to a firefighter during search operations to act as a safety line. Self heating - ANS-able to heat itself alone self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) - ANS-Respirator with independent air supply used by fire fighters to enter toxic and otherwise dangerous atmospheres. NFPA 1001 Signs of Flashover - ANS-Flames: islotes flames or rollover in the hot gas layer or near the Celling Neutral plane: The beginning of the stage Mid neutral plane: growth stage and advancing Low neutral plane: approaching flashover Situational Awareness - ANS-Perception of the surrounding environment and the ability to anticipate future events. Smoke Explosion - ANS-Unburned fuel gas is an option to come in contact with an ignition source When Smokey travels away from the fire can accumulate in other areas and mix with air Solid-core door - ANS-A door design that consists of wood filler pieces inside the door. This construction creates a stronger door Solubility - ANS-A measure of how much liquid will mix with water
Thermal properties that make fire hard to put out, insulation, heat reflecting, retention Thermal saturation - ANS-When liquid or solid can no longer absorb heat without undergoing a physical change whether evaporation liquids or pyrlization in solids Three condition that you can reserve an incident to help with situation awareness - ANS-Wind direction and strength Location of the fire in your proximity to it Building structure Traffic Control Zone - ANS-Operational zone established on or near a roadway for the rerouting of traffic and protection of civilians and responders; may include a hot, warm, and cold zone depending on the incident. Training Evolution - ANS-Operation of fire and emergency services training covering one or several aspects of fire fighting. Truss - ANS-An assembly of structural members joined to form a rigid framework, usually connected to form triangles. Type 1 construction - ANS-Fire-Resistive Construction usually reinforced concrete type structure and protected by automatic sprinklers. Type 2 construction - ANS-Non-combustible, fire resistant ratings on almost all building materials, usually have a flat roof, warehouse type building Type 3 construction - ANS-Ordinary construction requires that exterior walls be made of non-combustible material, the roofs or partially are completely made of wood, found in Mercer tile, business, and residential structure and older schools Type IV Construction - ANS-Heavy Timber Building Type V construction (wood frame) - ANS-Buildings with exterior walls, interior walls, floors, and roof structures made of wood. Unity of command - ANS-Organizational principle in which workers report to only one supervisor in order to eliminate conflicting orders. Upper Flammable Limit (UFL) - ANS-The highest concentration of a combustible substance in a gaseous oxidizer that will propagate a flamee Vapor Density - ANS-weight of a vapor compared to air Air has vapor density of 1
Less than one will rise More than 1 sink Vaporization - ANS-The change of state from a liquid to a gas Ventilation limited - ANS-Not enough Oxygen to continue to burn or to spread walls - ANS-Gypsum, lath, plaster Warm Zone - ANS-Area between the hot and cold zones that usually contains the decontamination corridor at hazardous material incidents. Watt - ANS-unit of power What are the three incident priorities at the structural fire? - ANS-Life safety Property conservation Stabilizing incident What is the mission of the fire department - ANS-Save lives Protect property Haz Materials What operational guidelines you should follow to minimize risk - ANS-Don PPE Mount apparatus three point contacts And seatbelt Wildland/Urban Interface - ANS-Line, area, or zone where an undeveloped wildland area meets a human development area. Wood shakes - ANS-Even if treated with fire retardant it will not reduce fire spread
