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An in-depth exploration of population health, its determinants, and the role of nurses in promoting health and preventing diseases. Topics covered include the definition of population health, the concept of social determinants of health, critical thinking in population health, and various prevention strategies. The document also discusses the canadian nurses association's approach to population health and primary care.
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Health - ANS>> state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Homeostasis - ANS>> Maintenance of physiological, functional, & social norms leading to adaptation & homeostasisFeeling in control over one's life and living conditions Human potential - ANS>> Actualization of human potential through goal-directed behaviour, competent self-care & satisfying relationships with othersHaving a sense of purpose Harmony - ANS>> Adjustment to maintain structural integrity & harmony with relevant environmentsFeeling connected to the community Community definition - ANS>> People & relationships Share = agencies, institutions, physical environment Defined by = geography common interest or focus shared status or special interest groupCan be a client population - ANS>> eg. School of health sciences aggregate - ANS>> Groups that form a population. eg. BCIT student in BSN program Population health - ANS>> Measured by determinants of health (DoH) & health status indicators Improves the health of populations & decreased inequitiesScope consists of the following 5 elements - think of these as clients ( individuals, families, groups, communities, population) 9 key elements of a population health approach - ANS>> 1. focuses on the health of populations
Page | 2 Nurses' role in population health - ANS>> Nurses collaborate with other health care professionals to address health inequities while keeping the determinants of health in sight. Methods used by nurses [many more ... sample]: Social justice - acknowledging injustice & differences, Systemic inequity - working towards reducing this factor, Citizen engagement - strengthening cohesion by leveraging stakeholders within the health care system Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) - ANS>> comprehensive approach: Disease prevention, Community developmentServices and programs, Working in interprofessional teams, Intersectoral collaboration for healthy public policy Primary Care - ANS>> the first contact between a person and the health care system [health care providers] usually resulting in a diagnosis of a specific health problem. It usually refers to the curative treatment of disease, rehabilitation, and preventive measures such as vaccines, behavioral changes, etc. It may not be intersectoral nor may it be comprehensive Primary care is a core component of primary health care primary health care - ANS>> a strategy for delivery of comprehensive, integrated health care system which addresses issues of equity and social justice. Illness - ANS>> is the subjective experience of the loss of health. It is the individual's personal experience and perception of & reaction to a disease. This person is incapable of functioning at their desired "usual" level of performance disease - ANS>> an objective state of ill health and the pathological process of which can be detected by medical science. It refers to abnormal changes in the structure or functioning of the human body that fit with the medical model. Diseases usually follow an identifiable progression known as the course of a disease. The natural history of disease depicts this phenomenon in two periods:A) prepathogenesis = no disease is present but susceptibility to disease existsB) pathogenesis = is a period from early pathogenesis to convalescence prepathogenesis - ANS>> no disease is present but susceptibility to disease exists pathogenesis - ANS>> is a period from early pathogenesis to convalescence Medical diagnosis - ANS>> MD / NP. Strict protocol as previous slide. Declares that an individual has a medical diagnosis or a disease Nursing diagnosis - ANS>> Nurses [non NPs]. Describes health care problems via clinical judgement. Diagnoses actual & potential health problems within the domain of nursing. More in Nursing Practice. Nurses do NOT diagnose a medical condition or a disease, unless they are a nurse practitioner
Page | 4 Morbidity - ANS>> Occurrence of disease in a populationIncludes incidence and prevalence rates. Assists with articulating distribution of diseases & health outcomes within populations. DISEASE Mortality - ANS>> indicates the number of deaths in a population. Helps with identifying and understanding health issues, at-risk populations & required health services. DEATH Epidemiological Triad - ANS>> agent, host, environment agent - ANS>> animate or inanimate factor that must be present or lacking for a disease or condition to develop host - ANS>> living species (human or animal) capable of being infected or affected by an agent environment - ANS>> all that is internal or external to a given host or agent and that is influenced by and influences the host and the agent Chain of infection - ANS>> is a cycle that permits a pathogen to infect an individual. Most microorganisms are non-pathogens meaning they do not cause a disease. An infection is a disease state and results from a pathogen entering the host and multiplying, leading to signs and symptoms. If an infection can be transmitted from person [host] to person [host], a communicable disease now exists and both can now be infectious or contagious. A pathogen causing an infection necessitates six elements which make up the chain of infection: The 5 A's in CDSM Support - ANS>> assess, advise, agree, assist, arrange assess - ANS>> - The Knowledge, skills, confidence, and the importance the client assigns to a health issue, their supports, the presence of barriers and risk factors.
Page | 5 agree - ANS>> - Collaboratively set goals based on the client's interests and confidence in their ability to change the behavior.