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Population Health and Nursing: Concepts and Approaches, Exams of Nursing

University of WestminsterNursing

An in-depth exploration of population health, its determinants, and the role of nurses in promoting health and preventing diseases. Topics covered include the definition of population health, the concept of social determinants of health, critical thinking in population health, and various prevention strategies. The document also discusses the canadian nurses association's approach to population health and primary care.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 03/28/2024

johnrays
johnrays 🇬🇧

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Page | 1
BSNC 1000 Exam #1 verified 2024
Health - ANS>> state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Homeostasis - ANS>> Maintenance of physiological, functional, & social norms
leading to adaptation & homeostasisFeeling in control over one's life and living
conditions
Human potential - ANS>> Actualization of human potential through goal-directed
behaviour, competent self-care & satisfying relationships with othersHaving a sense of
purpose
Harmony - ANS>> Adjustment to maintain structural integrity & harmony with relevant
environmentsFeeling connected to the community
Community definition - ANS>> People & relationships Share = agencies, institutions,
physical environment Defined by = geography common interest or focus shared status
or special interest groupCan be a client
population - ANS>> eg. School of health sciences
aggregate - ANS>> Groups that form a population. eg. BCIT student in BSN program
Population health - ANS>> Measured by determinants of health (DoH) & health status
indicators Improves the health of populations & decreased inequitiesScope consists of
the following 5 elements -think of these as clients ( individuals, families, groups,
communities, population)
9 key elements of a population health approach - ANS>> 1. focuses on the health of
populations
2. addresses the determinants of health and their interactions
3. makes decisions based on evidence
4. increases upstream investments
5. applies multiple interventions and strategies
6. collaborates actress sectors and levels
7. employs mechanisms for public involvement
8. establishes partnership with clients and stakeholders
9. demonstrates accountability for health outcomes
Population health: Four sub-concepts - ANS>> Health promotion, Illness and injury
prevention, Chronic disease management, Epidemiology
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Page | 1

BSNC 1000 Exam #1 verified 2024

Health - ANS>> state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Homeostasis - ANS>> Maintenance of physiological, functional, & social norms leading to adaptation & homeostasisFeeling in control over one's life and living conditions Human potential - ANS>> Actualization of human potential through goal-directed behaviour, competent self-care & satisfying relationships with othersHaving a sense of purpose Harmony - ANS>> Adjustment to maintain structural integrity & harmony with relevant environmentsFeeling connected to the community Community definition - ANS>> People & relationships Share = agencies, institutions, physical environment Defined by = geography common interest or focus shared status or special interest groupCan be a client population - ANS>> eg. School of health sciences aggregate - ANS>> Groups that form a population. eg. BCIT student in BSN program Population health - ANS>> Measured by determinants of health (DoH) & health status indicators Improves the health of populations & decreased inequitiesScope consists of the following 5 elements - think of these as clients ( individuals, families, groups, communities, population) 9 key elements of a population health approach - ANS>> 1. focuses on the health of populations

  1. addresses the determinants of health and their interactions
  2. makes decisions based on evidence
  3. increases upstream investments
  4. applies multiple interventions and strategies
  5. collaborates actress sectors and levels
  6. employs mechanisms for public involvement
  7. establishes partnership with clients and stakeholders
  8. demonstrates accountability for health outcomes Population health: Four sub-concepts - ANS>> Health promotion, Illness and injury prevention, Chronic disease management, Epidemiology

Page | 2 Nurses' role in population health - ANS>> Nurses collaborate with other health care professionals to address health inequities while keeping the determinants of health in sight. Methods used by nurses [many more ... sample]: Social justice - acknowledging injustice & differences, Systemic inequity - working towards reducing this factor, Citizen engagement - strengthening cohesion by leveraging stakeholders within the health care system Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) - ANS>> comprehensive approach: Disease prevention, Community developmentServices and programs, Working in interprofessional teams, Intersectoral collaboration for healthy public policy Primary Care - ANS>> the first contact between a person and the health care system [health care providers] usually resulting in a diagnosis of a specific health problem. It usually refers to the curative treatment of disease, rehabilitation, and preventive measures such as vaccines, behavioral changes, etc. It may not be intersectoral nor may it be comprehensive Primary care is a core component of primary health care primary health care - ANS>> a strategy for delivery of comprehensive, integrated health care system which addresses issues of equity and social justice. Illness - ANS>> is the subjective experience of the loss of health. It is the individual's personal experience and perception of & reaction to a disease. This person is incapable of functioning at their desired "usual" level of performance disease - ANS>> an objective state of ill health and the pathological process of which can be detected by medical science. It refers to abnormal changes in the structure or functioning of the human body that fit with the medical model. Diseases usually follow an identifiable progression known as the course of a disease. The natural history of disease depicts this phenomenon in two periods:A) prepathogenesis = no disease is present but susceptibility to disease existsB) pathogenesis = is a period from early pathogenesis to convalescence prepathogenesis - ANS>> no disease is present but susceptibility to disease exists pathogenesis - ANS>> is a period from early pathogenesis to convalescence Medical diagnosis - ANS>> MD / NP. Strict protocol as previous slide. Declares that an individual has a medical diagnosis or a disease Nursing diagnosis - ANS>> Nurses [non NPs]. Describes health care problems via clinical judgement. Diagnoses actual & potential health problems within the domain of nursing. More in Nursing Practice. Nurses do NOT diagnose a medical condition or a disease, unless they are a nurse practitioner

Page | 4 Morbidity - ANS>> Occurrence of disease in a populationIncludes incidence and prevalence rates. Assists with articulating distribution of diseases & health outcomes within populations. DISEASE Mortality - ANS>> indicates the number of deaths in a population. Helps with identifying and understanding health issues, at-risk populations & required health services. DEATH Epidemiological Triad - ANS>> agent, host, environment agent - ANS>> animate or inanimate factor that must be present or lacking for a disease or condition to develop host - ANS>> living species (human or animal) capable of being infected or affected by an agent environment - ANS>> all that is internal or external to a given host or agent and that is influenced by and influences the host and the agent Chain of infection - ANS>> is a cycle that permits a pathogen to infect an individual. Most microorganisms are non-pathogens meaning they do not cause a disease. An infection is a disease state and results from a pathogen entering the host and multiplying, leading to signs and symptoms. If an infection can be transmitted from person [host] to person [host], a communicable disease now exists and both can now be infectious or contagious. A pathogen causing an infection necessitates six elements which make up the chain of infection: The 5 A's in CDSM Support - ANS>> assess, advise, agree, assist, arrange assess - ANS>> - The Knowledge, skills, confidence, and the importance the client assigns to a health issue, their supports, the presence of barriers and risk factors.

  • To assess importance, for example, ask "How important do you think it is to check your blood glucose before breakfast each day?" Use a 1-10 scale, from not at all important to very important.
  • To assess confidence, for example, ask "How confident are you that you can control any symptoms or health problems you have so that they do not interfere with the things you want to do?" Use a 1-10 scale, from not at all important to very important advise - ANS>> - Provide specific personalized information about health risks and benefits of change
  • Make the source of the advice clear
  • Personalize lab values, health status and how choices affect outcomes
  • Provide the level of information clients need to make decisions
  • Ask the client to restate what you said

Page | 5 agree - ANS>> - Collaboratively set goals based on the client's interests and confidence in their ability to change the behavior.

  • If their self-rated confidence is low, the goal may need to be changed e.g. select one aspect of the goal that the client feels more confident about attaining assist - ANS>> - Assist the client in achieving agreed upon goals by offering encouragement and by developing social/environmental supports
  • Avoid telling clients what to do
  • Use other clients' experiences as examples (while maintaining confidentiality) arrange - ANS>> Schedule follow-up contact to provide ongoing assistance and support to adjust the plan as needed. Use whatever method of contact the client prefers, such as in person, by email or phone. Make sure follow-up happens to preserve trust in the relationship.