Download BMS 6303 Clinical Microbiology Final Exam Latest 100 % Accurate Fall/Spring Semester Grad and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
BMS 6303 Clinical Microbiology Final Exam Latest 100 % Accurate
Fall/Spring Semester Graded A
Opportunists are microorganisms that: A) always cause disease B) can cause disease when favorable host conditions arise C) benefit from the host but do not harm the host D) never cause disease E) use available scholarships to go back to school B) can cause disease when favorable host conditions arise A species of bacterium lives on the surface of the human skin. It doesn't harm the human host as it uses the skin as a habitat. This symbolic relationship is: A) commensalism B) mutualism C) parasitism D) predation E) weird A) commensalism The mucociliary cells in the bronchia and trachea are considered a ___ defense: A) biochemical B) mechanical C) transport D) vascular E) snotty B) mechanical Pathogenic bacteria stick to the appropriate host tissue by producing: A) sticky antibiotics B) adhesins C) flagellar hooks D) super glue analogs
B) adhesins The mucous membrane of the eye is called the: A) conjunctiva B) mucous liner C) serous covering D) synovial coating E) cutaneous A) conjunctiva Select the correct statement about the newborn oral cavity: A) it contains the same flora as a 2-year-old oral cavity B) it is not readily colonized by microbes found on teeth C) it is a favorable environment to hundreds of different species B) it is not readily colonized by microbes found on teeth Gram negative bacterial infection that releases endotoxin in the body can cause: A) a viral infection of the nervous system B) a serious sore throat C) an upset in the intestinal microbiota D) fatal septic shock E) a frayed extension cord in the lab D) fatal septic shock The ___ is the only part of the urinary tract that would normally have any microbiota: A) bladder B) kidney C) ureter D) urethra E) aorta D) urethra Vitamin K is important in the human body for:
Fomites that could transmit an infectious disease agent would include: A) pencils and towels B) placenta contact and birth C) contaminated food and water D) fleas and ticks E) direct intimate contact A) pencils and towels Parenteral transmission of pathogens would include: A) fecal oral route and direct contact B) sharp objects and biting insects C) respiratory droplets and dust D) kissing and intimate contact B) sharp objects and biting insects What affect does puberty have on the normal flora of the skin? A) none, skin flora stays the same throughout a lifetime B) only slight, no change in species; just a small increase in numbers C) significant, the change in oil content creates different environment for several species D) unknown, no scientist has ever studied this phenomenon C) significant, the change in oil content creates different environment for several species Each of the following is associated with the 2nd line of defense except: A) interferon B) phagocytosis C) inflammation D) intact skin E) vasodilation and swelling D) intact skin More human diseases are transmitted via ___ system than through any other system: A) genitourinary tract; STDs
B) respiratory C) digestive D) connective E) T B) respiratory The most common type of white blood cell in the human body is the: A) erythrocyte B) neutrophil C) basophil D) T-cell E) muchoblancocyte B) neutrophil This most common type of white blood cell in the human body would have a normal concentration of: A) 250-300/cubic mm B) about 1,000/cubic mm C) 5-6,000/cubic mm D) unknown number, they have never been counted C) 5-6,000/cubic mm Select the white blood cell that increases the most during bacterial infection: A) eosinophil B) erythrocyte C) lymphocyte D) neutrophil E) increasophil D) neutrophil What leukocyte gives rise to macrophages? A) basophil B) eosinophil C) lymphocyte
A) creating a very low pH B) generating very toxic singlet oxygen C) converting hydrogen peroxide to catalase D) destroying peptidoglycan in cell walls E) calling 911 D) destroying peptidoglycan in cell walls Most portals of exit for pathogen: A) are totally eliminated by effective vaccines B) are usually different than the portal of entry C) are usually the same as the portal of entry D) are not important in the spread of disease C) are usually the same as the portal of entry Phagocytes can squeeze through gaps in the lining of blood vessels and tissues by the process of: A) diapedesis B) pinocytosis C) exocytotaxis D) endocytotaxis E) sharp elbowdesis A) diapedesis The flow of urine is considered a: A) biochemical defense B) structural defense C) mechanical defense D) vascular defense E) defense against a full bladder C) mechanical defense The liver normally: A) has a wide variety of microbiota similar to that of the skin B) is sterile like other body tissue
C) contains a microbiota in the inner portion similar to that of the intestines D) contains the same normal microbiota as the gall bladder B) is sterile like other body tissue Cholera is a disease most likely spread by: A) respiratory droplets B) fecal-oral route C) vectors D) parenteral routes E) US postal service B) fecal-oral route Resident microbiota: A) always cause disease B) are only found on external surfaces of the body C) are usually your own microbiota transferred to a different body surface D) are from someone else or the environment C) are usually your own microbiota transferred to a different body surface The lysosome granules in phagocytic cells contain: A) degradative enzymes and hydrogen peroxide B) neuro- and cytotoxins C) fatty acids and ketones D) salts and organic acids E) bradykinins and complement A) degradative enzymes and hydrogen peroxide True or false: in the mouth, the biofilm coating of bacteria that develops on the tooth surface provides protection against harmful bacteria False True or false: serious dental problems can be caused by strict anaerobic bacteria True
Sucrose An anaerobic species that can be found in the gingival crevice belongs to this genus: Bacillus A successful pathogen must maintain this in the environment to live before and after infection: Reservoir One example of this Type IV hypersensitivity is the reaction to: A) poison ivy B) penicillin C) food allergy D) pollen E) mosquito bites A) poison ivy Transfusions must be done only with matched blood because of the natural antibodies of the: A) lymph system B) Rh system C) white blood cell system D) ABO blood group system D) ABO blood group system A positive TB skin test is an example of which type of hypersensitivity? A) Type I; anaphylactic B) Type II; cytotoxic C) Type III; immune complex D) Type IV; T cell mediated D) Type IV; T cell mediated A bee sting could result in which type of immune reaction? A) Type I; anaphylactic
B) Type II; cytotoxic C) Type III; immune complex D) Type IV; T cell mediated A) Type I; anaphylactic An epitope of an antigen is: A) the entire molecular sequence of the antigen B) the antigenic determinant portion C) the receptor site for a phagocyte D) the epinephrine reactive site E) its user name B) the antigenic determinant portion Cell-mediated hypersensitivity (Type IV) is caused by sensitized: A) IgG antibodies B) stem cells C) plasma cells D) T-lymphocytes E) B-lymphocytes D) T-lymphocytes The body's life threatening reaction to an allergen that leads to fluid loss, bronchial swelling, and shock is known as: A) hay fever B) hives C) contact dermatitis D) anaphylaxis E) shocking swelling loss D) anaphylaxis The origin of macrophages in tissues is: A) T- cells in the bone marrow B) monocytes in the blood migrating into the tissue C) basophiles trying to avoid bacterial pathogens
The increase in the pain response during inflammation is due to the release of: A) complement by antigen reactive cells B) extra glucose into the lymph system C) interferons and anti-viral proteins D) prostaglandins and bradykinins E) inflamed T-cells D) prostaglandins and bradykinins Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an "antigen"? A) small molecular weight less than 2, B) foreign substance to the body C) may have several epitope sites D) can be degraded by enzymes and/or processed by phagocytes E) reacts with a specific antibody A) small molecular weight less than 2, The mucociliary cells in the bronchia and trachea are considered a ___ defense: A) biochemical B) mechanical C) transport D) vascular E) snotty B) mechanical Adhesins help bacteria to: A) destroy antibiotics by sticking to them B) produce sticky acids C) stick to surfaces D) transport substances E) create favorable commercial messages C) stick to surfaces
The conjunctiva is a ___ membrane: A) cutaneous B) mucous C) serous D) synovial E) connective B) mucous Contaminated bedding and towels that contribute to the spread of disease would be considered: A) parenteral transmission agents B) fomites C) vectors D) vehicles E) Mom's responsibility B) fomites A substance of small molecular weight that can cause an immune response is termed ___ A) hapten B) progen C) genhap D) tentflap E) antigen A) hapten Interleukin I is: A) made by virus infected cells to protect other cells B) released during inflammation and causes a rise in body temperature C) a stimulant of the memory response on B-cells D) summer music festival in the Berkshires B) released during inflammation and causes a rise in body temperature The TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) antigen: A) can stimulate the body's cellular immune system during the disease
E) IgM D) IgG The clonal selection theory of antibody producing cells means: A) antigens must be cloned to create an immune response B) selected clones of T cells begin making antibodies at birth C) the B-cell population consists of groups of cells that can react to millions of different antigens D) cloned animals have enhanced immune reactions E) antigens are selected to react with specific clones that will maintain antibody titers C) the B-cell population consists of groups of cells that can react to millions of different antigens The immunoglobulin that is secreted into body fluids such as mucus and saliva is: A) IgA B) IgD C) IgE D) IgG E) IgM A) IgA The most common immunoglobulin in the blood is: A) IgA B) IgD C) IgE D) IgG E) IgM D) IgG Occurs with active case of chickenpox at age 5: A) Artificial active immunity B) Artificial passive immunity C) Natural active immunity D) Natural passive immunity C) Natural active immunity
Newborn calf gets mother's immunity with first milk: A) Artificial active immunity B) Artificial passive immunity C) Natural active immunity D) Natural passive immunity B) Artificial passive immunity Injection of someone else's gamma globulin (IgG) after exposure to Hepatitis A: A) Artificial active immunity B) Artificial passive immunity C) Natural active immunity D) Natural passive immunity B) Artificial passive immunity Months usually provides lifelong protection: A) Artificial active immunity B) Artificial passive immunity C) Natural active immunity D) Natural passive immunity C) Natural active immunity True or false: opsonizing antibodies enhance phagocytosis True True or false: in the mouth, biofilm coating of bacteria that develops on the tooth surface provides against harmful bacteria and tooth damage False True or false: endotoxins are exerted from within the pathogenic bacterial cell during the infection process False
Reservoir Select the internal human body structure that does not normally have a normal biota: A) mouth B) heart C) intestinal tract D) urethra E) all these could have a normal biota B) heart By microbial antagonism, one microbe: A) improves the nutritional environment of another microbe B) interferes with the growth of another microbe C) helps the growth of another microbe D) has no effect on another microbe E) makes another angry by acting like a jerk B) interferes with the growth of another microbe. Vitamin K is important for the human body for: A) blood clotting B) bone formation C) mineral storage D) phosphorus formation A) blood clotting The mucociliary system in the human body is mainly a ___ defense: A) biochemical B) mechanical C) transport D) vascular B) mechanical Select the incorrect statement about the skin:
A) it has its own specific microbiota B) it has an area of 2 square meters C) most of it is usually a dry environment D) its salt concentration promotes bacterial growth D) its salt concentration promotes bacterial growth The most likely reservoir for Clostridium tetani is the: A) atmosphere B) soil C) oceans D) human tissue E) nail factory B) soil Each of the following is a fomite except: A) bedding B) blood C) cups D) towels B) blood More human diseases are transmitted by the ___ system than through any other system: A) circulatory B) reproductive C) respiratory D) urinary C) respiratory Transient flora: A) always cause disease B) are only found on external surfaces of the body C) are usually your own microbiota transferred to a different body surface D) are from someone else or the environment E) are always harmless
