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BME 312 Bone Mechanics Exam 100% Verified
3 characteristics of cartilage? What causes these characteristics? - ANSWER -solidconnective tissue -extent pliable-resilient due to nature of its matrix What is cartilage composed of? - ANSWER -rich in proteoglycans -core protein with abt 100 glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)-GAGs attached to core are chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate
What are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) made of? - ANSWER disaccharides-one is always a glycosamine (glucosamine/hexosamine or galactosamine)
Where are chondrocytes located? - ANSWER Lacunae Matrix of Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER contains collagen fibers that are not visible Locations of Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER -trachea -nose-articular ends of bones -fetal skeleton Functions of Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER -precursor to bone -support
Matrix of elastic cartilage - ANSWER contains abundant elastic fibers (give flexibility) Locations of elastic cartilage - ANSWER -ear -auditory canal-epiglottis
Function of elastic cartilage - ANSWER flexible support Characteristics of fibrocartilage micrographs - ANSWER -chondrocytes oriented in rows -lacunae not visible Matrix of fibrocartilage - ANSWER contains fine collagen fibers that give the tissuedurability
Locations of fibrocartilage - ANSWER -pubic symphysis -intervertebral discs Functions of fibrocartilage - ANSWER -support-withstands compression
Epiphyses - ANSWER both ends of a long bone-forms joint w/ another bone
Metaphysis - ANSWER growth plates regions Diaphysis - ANSWER shaft of a long bone
What is fetus skeleton mostly composed of? - ANSWER Cartilage Ossification - ANSWER formation of bone by the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclastsand the addition of minerals and salts
What must be present for ossification to occur? - ANSWER Calcium compounds -osteoblasts take minerals from blood and deposit in the bone Elongation - ANSWER growth of bones Process of elongation - ANSWER 1. Two cartilage plates, epiphyseal plates, expand toincrease the length of the shaft
- As growth proceeds, thickness of epiphyseal plates decreases and bone lengthens At what age is ossification and elongation fully complete? - ANSWER 25 T/F? Physical activity strengthens bone tissue - ANSWER T Where are epiphyseal plates located? - ANSWER between diaphysis and epiphysis Modeling - ANSWER Bone is narrower in the middle and widens towards the ends Function of osteoblasts - ANSWER continually deposits bone Function of osteoclasts - ANSWER continually reabsorbs bone Where are osteoblasts found? - ANSWER outer surfaces of bones and in bone cavities
Haversian Canal - ANSWER canal through which blood vessels run 4 Factors that affect bone development - ANSWER -nutrition -exposure to sunlight (Vit D)-hormonal secretions -physical exercise Why is vitamin D important for bone development? - ANSWER it is necessary forabsorption of calcium in the small intestine -if calcium is poorly absorbed, bones more likely to be deformed or weak What happens if you have low blood calcium? - ANSWER 1. Parathyroid secretesparathyroid hormone (PTH)
- PTH stimulates osteoclasts
- Osteoclasts reabsorb bone to release calcium into the blood What happens if you have high blood calcium? - ANSWER 1.Thyroid secretes calcitonin
- Calcitonin stimulates osteoblasts
- Osteoblasts form bone to remove calcium from the blood
