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Bone Mechanics: Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Biomedical Engineering

A series of questions and answers related to bone mechanics, covering topics such as cartilage types, bone structure, ossification, and factors affecting bone development. It is a valuable resource for students studying anatomy, physiology, or related fields.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/18/2025

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BME 312 Bone Mechanics Exam 100% Verified
3 characteristics of cartilage? What causes these characteristics? - ANSWER -solid
connective tissue
-extent pliable
-resilient
due to nature of its matrix
What is cartilage composed of? - ANSWER -rich in proteoglycans
-core protein with abt 100 glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
-GAGs attached to core are chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate
What are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) made of? - ANSWER disaccharides
-one is always a glycosamine (glucosamine/hexosamine or galactosamine)
Where are chondrocytes located? - ANSWER Lacunae
Matrix of Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER contains collagen fibers that are not visible
Locations of Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER -trachea
-nose
-articular ends of bones
-fetal skeleton
Functions of Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER -precursor to bone
-support
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BME 312 Bone Mechanics Exam 100% Verified

3 characteristics of cartilage? What causes these characteristics? - ANSWER -solidconnective tissue -extent pliable-resilient due to nature of its matrix What is cartilage composed of? - ANSWER -rich in proteoglycans -core protein with abt 100 glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)-GAGs attached to core are chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate

What are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) made of? - ANSWER disaccharides-one is always a glycosamine (glucosamine/hexosamine or galactosamine)

Where are chondrocytes located? - ANSWER Lacunae Matrix of Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER contains collagen fibers that are not visible Locations of Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER -trachea -nose-articular ends of bones -fetal skeleton Functions of Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER -precursor to bone -support

Matrix of elastic cartilage - ANSWER contains abundant elastic fibers (give flexibility) Locations of elastic cartilage - ANSWER -ear -auditory canal-epiglottis

Function of elastic cartilage - ANSWER flexible support Characteristics of fibrocartilage micrographs - ANSWER -chondrocytes oriented in rows -lacunae not visible Matrix of fibrocartilage - ANSWER contains fine collagen fibers that give the tissuedurability

Locations of fibrocartilage - ANSWER -pubic symphysis -intervertebral discs Functions of fibrocartilage - ANSWER -support-withstands compression

Epiphyses - ANSWER both ends of a long bone-forms joint w/ another bone

Metaphysis - ANSWER growth plates regions Diaphysis - ANSWER shaft of a long bone

What is fetus skeleton mostly composed of? - ANSWER Cartilage Ossification - ANSWER formation of bone by the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclastsand the addition of minerals and salts

What must be present for ossification to occur? - ANSWER Calcium compounds -osteoblasts take minerals from blood and deposit in the bone Elongation - ANSWER growth of bones Process of elongation - ANSWER 1. Two cartilage plates, epiphyseal plates, expand toincrease the length of the shaft

  1. As growth proceeds, thickness of epiphyseal plates decreases and bone lengthens At what age is ossification and elongation fully complete? - ANSWER 25 T/F? Physical activity strengthens bone tissue - ANSWER T Where are epiphyseal plates located? - ANSWER between diaphysis and epiphysis Modeling - ANSWER Bone is narrower in the middle and widens towards the ends Function of osteoblasts - ANSWER continually deposits bone Function of osteoclasts - ANSWER continually reabsorbs bone Where are osteoblasts found? - ANSWER outer surfaces of bones and in bone cavities

Haversian Canal - ANSWER canal through which blood vessels run 4 Factors that affect bone development - ANSWER -nutrition -exposure to sunlight (Vit D)-hormonal secretions -physical exercise Why is vitamin D important for bone development? - ANSWER it is necessary forabsorption of calcium in the small intestine -if calcium is poorly absorbed, bones more likely to be deformed or weak What happens if you have low blood calcium? - ANSWER 1. Parathyroid secretesparathyroid hormone (PTH)

  1. PTH stimulates osteoclasts
  2. Osteoclasts reabsorb bone to release calcium into the blood What happens if you have high blood calcium? - ANSWER 1.Thyroid secretes calcitonin
  3. Calcitonin stimulates osteoblasts
  4. Osteoblasts form bone to remove calcium from the blood