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A series of questions and answers related to bone mechanics, covering topics such as cartilage types, bone structure, ossification, and factors affecting bone development. It is a valuable resource for students studying anatomy, physiology, or related fields.
Typology: Exams
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3 characteristics of cartilage? What causes these characteristics? - ANSWER -solidconnective tissue -extent pliable-resilient due to nature of its matrix What is cartilage composed of? - ANSWER -rich in proteoglycans -core protein with abt 100 glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)-GAGs attached to core are chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate
What are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) made of? - ANSWER disaccharides-one is always a glycosamine (glucosamine/hexosamine or galactosamine)
Where are chondrocytes located? - ANSWER Lacunae Matrix of Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER contains collagen fibers that are not visible Locations of Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER -trachea -nose-articular ends of bones -fetal skeleton Functions of Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER -precursor to bone -support
Matrix of elastic cartilage - ANSWER contains abundant elastic fibers (give flexibility) Locations of elastic cartilage - ANSWER -ear -auditory canal-epiglottis
Function of elastic cartilage - ANSWER flexible support Characteristics of fibrocartilage micrographs - ANSWER -chondrocytes oriented in rows -lacunae not visible Matrix of fibrocartilage - ANSWER contains fine collagen fibers that give the tissuedurability
Locations of fibrocartilage - ANSWER -pubic symphysis -intervertebral discs Functions of fibrocartilage - ANSWER -support-withstands compression
Epiphyses - ANSWER both ends of a long bone-forms joint w/ another bone
Metaphysis - ANSWER growth plates regions Diaphysis - ANSWER shaft of a long bone
What is fetus skeleton mostly composed of? - ANSWER Cartilage Ossification - ANSWER formation of bone by the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclastsand the addition of minerals and salts
What must be present for ossification to occur? - ANSWER Calcium compounds -osteoblasts take minerals from blood and deposit in the bone Elongation - ANSWER growth of bones Process of elongation - ANSWER 1. Two cartilage plates, epiphyseal plates, expand toincrease the length of the shaft
Haversian Canal - ANSWER canal through which blood vessels run 4 Factors that affect bone development - ANSWER -nutrition -exposure to sunlight (Vit D)-hormonal secretions -physical exercise Why is vitamin D important for bone development? - ANSWER it is necessary forabsorption of calcium in the small intestine -if calcium is poorly absorbed, bones more likely to be deformed or weak What happens if you have low blood calcium? - ANSWER 1. Parathyroid secretesparathyroid hormone (PTH)